The General Breathing Record Study

Inclusion Criteria: Asthma Cohort: * A confirmed clinical diagnosis of asthma for ≥ 6months * Moderate to severe asthma defined as British Thoracic Society stages 3-5 * 2 or more exacerbations in the previous 12 months with at least 1 exacerbation within the last 6 months. * Exacerbation free for 2 weeks (defined as no increased dose or course of oral corticosteroids or antibiotics). Breathing Pattern Disorder Cohort * A Clinical diagnosis of a Breathing Pattern Disorder (BPD) Chronic heart failure Cohort: * A confirmed clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure with both of the following: 1. A Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction \<40% on most recent imaging within the last 12 months. 2. New York Heart Association Class 2-4 * Admitted with an acute decompensation of their heart failure to hospital within the last 6 months Motor Neurone Disease Cohort: * A confirmed clinical diagnosis of Motor Neurone Disease * Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of less than 60% of predicted, sleep disordered breathing or daytime hypercapnia. * Established on Home Non-Invasive Ventilation. Pneumonia Cohort: * A confirmed clinical diagnosis of Pneumonia supported by evidence of consolidation on a chest X-ray (CXR) or computed tomography (CT) imaging. Healthy Cohort: * No known history of lung, cardiac or neuromuscular disease (defined as no current clinical diagnosis of, or be receiving treatment for, a lung, cardiac or neuromuscular disease). A Body Mass Index of less than 40. A Non-smoker, or an ex-smoker with less than a 5 pack year history. Exclusion Criteria: * Known other lung, chest wall, neuromuscular, cardiac or other comorbidity or abnormality that would affect spirometry and/or other measures of lung function or Tidal Breath Carbon Dioxide measurements. * In the opinion of the clinical investigator, the participant would have difficulty completing the study procedures consistently over the course of 6 months.