The Rehabilitation Effect of Exercise Training in Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients.

Change from preoperative motion analysis

An optoelectronic eight-camera Vicon motion analysis system (T20; Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom) was used to capture three dimensional (3D) kinematic data at 100 Hz during five walking trials. Two force plates (OR6, AMTI, Watertown, Massachusetts) embedded in the floor were synchronised with the motion capture system to record ground reaction force (GRF) during walking at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative muscle strength

The muscle strength of the lower extremity including hip flexor/extensor, knee flexor/extensor, and ankle plantar flexor/dorsiflexor were tested by HUMAC NORM system (CSMi, U.S.A.) with the mode of concentric/concentric contraction at the angular velocity of 60 degree/s.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative body composition questionnaire assessment

Body composition was assessed using an eight-polar tactile-electrode impedance meter (InBody 720; Biospace, Seoul, Korea), which simultaneously recorded bodyweight, total body fat mass, total body muscle mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and basal metabolic rate.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative surface electromyography

Quadriceps and hamstrings EMG amplitudes were assessed during walking with stand phase using surface electromyography (EMG) sampled at 1000 Hz (BioNomadix, BIOPAC systems, Inc, Goleta, CA) with electrodes placed over the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF).

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative hop test

Include: single leg vertical hop, Single leg forward one-step hop, Single leg three-step hop, single leg three-step crossover hop. Record hop height, distance and completion of action time.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative fitness

Fitness of all subjects was evaluated using the HELMAS Physical Fitness Management System (Seoul, Korea). Several dimensions of health-related fitness were evaluated, including muscular strength (grip strength and back strength); balance (closed-eye foot balance); cardiorespiratory endurance (step test); flexibility (sitting trunk flexion and trunk extension); muscle endurance (sit-ups); and agility (reaction time and side steps).

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Marx activity rating scales questionnaire assessment

The Marx activity rating scales is a patient-reported instrument. Contrary to the construction of activity level in the Tegner, which is based on participation in specific work and sports activities, activity level of the Marx is determined by measuring some components of physical function that are common to the most sporting activities.

Time frame: one day before operative

Change from preoperative SF-36 questionnaire assessment

SF-36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. The lower score the more disability. The higher the score the less disability. Eight sections including physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation due to emotional problems, and mental health. Additionally, the eight health domains can be used to provide a physical component summary and mental component summary score.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months

Change from preoperative KOOS questionnaire assessment

KOOS contains 5 subscales with a total of 42 items: 1) pain, 2) other symptoms, 3) function in daily living (ADL), 4) function in sport and recreation and 5) knee-related quality of life. Each question receives a score from 0 to 4 and the scores are transformed to a 0-100 score (0, extreme symptoms, 100, no symptoms). The User's Guide, is available from www.koos.nu.

Time frame: One day after rupture of the cruciate ligament, one day before operative, postoperative 4 months, 7 months, 12 months, 24 months