Prolonged sitting has been shown to impair metabolism and vascular function. The overall purpose of this study is to determine if breaking up prolonged (9 hours) of sitting with brief (\~20 second) stair climbing exercise "snacks" can improve markers of metabolic control and vascular health in healthy young male participants and in males or females with overweight/obesity who are at risk of insulin resistance. An additional purpose is to determine if saliva insulin can be used as a valid indicator of blood insulin when measured throughout the day in sedentary and active conditions and when diets with different amounts of carbohydrates are consumed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
23
Three high-carbohydrate meals will be consumed (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) at \~3 hour intervals while participants remain in a seated position for the entire 9 hour intervention period.
Three high-carbohydrate meals will be consumed (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) at \~3 hour intervals while participants remain in a seated position for the entire 9 hour intervention period except that once every hour they will ascend three flights of stairs vigorously (stair climbing sprint "snack") for a total of 8 active breaks.
Three low-carbohydrate meals will be consumed (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) at \~3 hour intervals while participants remain in a seated position for the entire 9 hour intervention period. This condition will provide a condition where the blood glucose and insulin responses are relatively low and stable throughout the day.
University of British Columbia Okanagan
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Plasma insulin area under the curve
The plasma insulin concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay area under the curve will be measured using the trapezoidal rule.
Time frame: Measured across 9 hours of each intervention day
Saliva insulin area under the curve
The saliva insulin concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay area under the curve will be measured using the trapezoidal rule.
Time frame: Measured across 9 hours of each intervention day
Plasma glucose area under the curve
The plasma glucose concentration measured by hexokinase method area under the curve will be measured using the trapezoidal rule.
Time frame: Measured across 9 hours of each intervention day
Plasma triglyceride area under the curve
The plasma triglyceride concentration measured by biochemical assay area under the curve will be measured using the trapezoidal rule.
Time frame: Measured across 9 hours of each intervention day
Plasma non-esterified fatty acids area under the curve
The plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration measured by biochemical assay area under the curve will be measured using the trapezoidal rule.
Time frame: Measured across 9 hours of each intervention day
Femoral artery flow-mediated dilation
Flow-mediated dilation of femoral artery measured by vascular ultrasound
Time frame: Measured in the morning (time 0 hours) and afternoon (time 8.5 hours) each intervention day
Cerebrovascular function
Cerebrovascular function measured by transcranial doppler ultrasound
Time frame: Measured in the morning (time 0.5 hours) and afternoon (time 6 hours) each intervention day
Cognitive function
Cognitive function measured by Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Software (CNS) Vital Signs test battery
Time frame: Measured in the morning (time 0.5 hours) and afternoon (time 6 hours) each intervention day
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