Oral Imaging for Porphyrin Biomarkers

Overview

The purpose of this study was to use the principle of fluorescence to identify oral diseases not readily visible to the naked eye. A imaging device with a removable and modular head consisting of arrays of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with differing wavelengths (405nm,450nm or white) was used to image teeth to detect fluorescent biomarkers such as porphyrins associated with poor oral health (plaque). The process utilizes illumination of the teeth and gums using a specific array of LEDs in the visible and near-visible spectrum and is non-invasive. Successful implementation of the device would provide proof-of- concept validation for its use as a safe, rapidly deployable solution to assess oral hygiene.

To use the device, an interchangeable head with a specific LED wavelength was selected (to target a specific oral disease). The optical filter can be exchanged for another if necessary (this is done prior to the subject visit as to not prolong the time of the visit). During operation, LED intensity can be altered using the rotary dimmer switch. The procedure took place during a routine dental visit once consent was obtained. The device was covered in a clear disposable plastic sheath (Consolidated Plastics, Stow, OH) or equivalent sterile disposable camera bag. After both the subject and clinician wore UV protective eyeware, a series of images and videos were taken. These included detailed frames of all 4 incisors and all 4 canines. A video of the camera aperture passing over the select teeth was also taken. Additional images focusing on areas of interest to the clinician were taken, with area of capture and device mode recorded. The total time required to capture all images and video is expected to be approximately 5 minutes. As a control, an Acteon Soprocare a commercial device operating under the same fluorescence principle was also used. Images and video of the aforementioned eight target teeth in each mode were similarly captured for comparison to the test device.