Minor painful procedures are frequently performed on newborn infants and non-pharmacological analgesia is commonly used. As more than one analgesic method may be applied simultaneously in clinical practice, the relative contribution and efficacy of analgesic components still needs to be further elucidated. In the present study neonatal cortical brain response during four types of non-pharmacological analgesia (oral glucose, expressed breastmilk, maternal holding plus oral glucose, maternal holding plus breastfeeding) will be studied. The aim is to assess the differential effect of oral solutions (glucose, breastmilk), when given alone or in combination with maternal relationship (holding, breastfeeding). The study will test the hypothesis that the mother-infant relationship would improve the analgesic effect of oral solutions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
80
Infant will receive both the oral glucose solution and the contact with the mother
Infants will be breastfed
Infant will receive only oral glucose solution without contact with the mother
Infant will receive only oral expressed breast milk without contact with the mother
Cortical oxy-haemoglobin increase
Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy will be used to estimate cerebral cortex activation by measuring increase in cortical oxy-haemoglobin (HbO2)
Time frame: During the procedure
Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)
The NIPS assesses 5 behavioral factors (facial expression, cry, arms, legs, and state of arousal) and one physiological factor (breathing patterns), each of which contains two items that are assigned scores of 0 or 1 (except for the crying factor, which comprises three items and is scored on a scale of 0 to 2). The scale yields a total score ranging from 0 to 7, where scores more than 3 are indicative of pain.
Time frame: During the procedure
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