This study will determine the short-term postprandial effects of protein source at breakfast on energy metabolism, markers of metabolic health, appetite, and food intake and young and older men.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
33
The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of whey protein isolate.
The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of pea protein isolate.
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
Energy expenditure
Energy expended per minute will be measured using indirect calorimetry.
Time frame: Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention.
Appetite
Appetite will be assessed using a traditional 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) (3) with opposing anchors (e.g., "extremely hungry" or "not hungry at all") at time points 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Questions consisted of: "how hungry do you feel at this moment", "how full do you feel at this moment", "how strong is your desire to eat this moment" and "how much food do you think you can eat at this moment." Participants were asked to place an "X" on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point." Participants were asked to place an "X" on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point. The averages for each time point are taken to represent the feeling of appetitive at a particular time point.
Time frame: Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention.
24-hour food intake
Food intake following the intervention will be recorded using food records.
Time frame: Food intake will be recorded for one day.
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