Uroflowmetry(UF) has been the standard first-line diagnostic tool for the evaluation of pediatric voiding dysfunction. But recently, UF combined with pelvic flow electromyography(EMG) is emphasized and recommended to analyze the separate contributions of the detrusor and bladder outlet and sole UF is discouraged except for the follow-up study after abnormal UF/EMG result(Bauer et al., 2015). However, electrode itself can disturb pelvic floor relaxation and there is no evidence about necessity of consecutive UF/EMG test. Therefore, the investigators are going to compare three different methods (Primary-Secondary: UF/EMG-UF/EMG, UF/EMG-sole UF, sole UF-UF/EMG)
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
51
Children who assigned group A perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography again.
Children who assigned Group B perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first, and subsequently perform sole uroflowmetry.
Children who assigned Group C firstly perform sole uroflowmetry and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography.
Department of Urology,
Seoul, South Korea
RECRUITINGmaximum flow rate(Qmax=cc/s)
The maximum flow rate is the most important uroflowmetry index to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction or bladder contractility.
Time frame: One day
Uroflow curve pattern
Uroflow curve pattern: There are 5 uroflow curve patterns, bell-shaped, tower-shaped, interrupted-shaped, staccato-shaped and plateau shaped by uroflowmetry. The shape is determined by detrusor contractility and influenced by abdominal straining, coordination with the bladder outlet musculature and any distal anatomic obstruction.
Time frame: One day
post void residual
post-void residual(cc): ultrasonographic bladder scan machines calculates bladder volume. PVR measurements in neurologically intact children are highly variable. PVR must be obtained immediately after voiding(\<5min)
Time frame: One day
synergy or dyssynergy between the bladder and the pelvic floor.
synergy or dyssynergy between the bladder and the pelvic floor is abstained by combining electromyography with uroflowmetry.
Time frame: One day
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