This study aims to implement and test the efficacy of photovoice, Short Messaging Service (SMS) and phone call reminders in improving childhood immunization coverage (uptake, timeliness and completion rates) and reducing incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among infants in Nigeria
This will be a single-blind three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involving post-partum mothers and/or caregivers of infants (age 0-12months) attending immunization clinics in 12 randomly selected Primary Health Care Centres (clusters) across Sokoto, Jigawa, Kano, Ogun, Oyo and Lagos States of Nigeria. Additionally, a photovoice methodology will be implemented in 6 community clusters (one in each State) involving group discussions between community members (pregnant women in their third trimester, parents/caregivers of infants age 0-12 months), community leaders, service providers and policy makers on benefits of timely immunization and consequences of non-vaccination. Parent-infant pairs will be followed up for 12 months during which SMS and phone call immunization clinic appointment reminders will be provided to mothers and/or caregivers in intervention arm 1, and photovoice intervention provided at study commencement to participants in intervention arm 2. Respondents in the control group would receive standard care (routine paper-based appointment scheduling alone). The investigators will document and compare immunization uptake (all doses and vaccines), timeliness of receipt and completion rates of scheduled immunization between the three groups, as well as incidence of VPDs between the groups using multivariate statistical analyses.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
1,813
Same as described under arm/group descriptions
Same as described under arm/group descriptions
Immunization coverage
Proportion of randomized infants who received birth doses of BCG and OPV (overall), and complete doses of each vaccine as scheduled
Time frame: 12 months
Timeliness of receipt of scheduled immunization
Proportion of infants receiving scheduled immunization within 1 week of schedule
Time frame: 12 months
Incidence of any childhood vaccine-preventable disease
Risk ratio of vaccine-preventable disease between intervention and control groups
Time frame: 12 months
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