Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs is used to improve the immunosuppressive effect while minimizing the toxicity related to exposition to high serum levels. Although TDM is widely used in clinical practice, a significant number of kidney transplant recipients have acute allograft rejection in the first year after transplantation. To improve the use of immunosuppressive drugs, new approaches of TDM have been developed. Monitoring drug concentrations at lymphocytes of peripheral blood is considering promising because it indicates the availability of the drug directly in the target sites of immunosuppression. The present study intends to establish the concentration profile of tacrolimus in the peripheral blood in parallel with the concentration profile inside T and B lymphocytes of peripheral blood of kidney transplant recipients, and correlates them with the expected pharmacological effects. The pharmacological effects of tacrolimus in calcineurin dependent and calcineurin independent (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent) activation pathways will be assessed by measuring activated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and p38, respectively, by flow cytometry. The expression of interleukin (IL) - 2 and IL-10 by T and B lymphocytes, respectively, will be also used to monitoring the pharmacodynamic effects of tacrolimus.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
45
Hospital das Clínicas - University of Sao Paulo
São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
RECRUITINGCorrelation between blood and intracellular levels of tacrolimus
The concentration of tacrolimus will be determined in the whole blood, in T CD4+ cell suspension and in B CD19+ cell suspension prepared from one blood sample per patient subject. The correlations among concentrations of tacrolimus in the 3 different cell matrices will be established.
Time frame: From 1 up to 5 months post transplantation
Correlation among intracellular levels of tacrolimus and its pharmacological effects
The pharmacological effects of tacrolimus will be measured as the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NFAT transcription factor, the phosphorylation state of p38 MAP kinase and the production of interleukin 2 and 10 by flow cytometry.
Time frame: From 1 up to 5 months post transplantation
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