This is a single centre non-randomised open label phase 1 trial of lung SBRT to part of a lung lesion in patients with advanced NSCLC in combination with pembrolizumab. This study will recruit up to 24 patients whose lung cancer has progressed beyond one line of palliative chemotherapy, and an EGFR or ALK inhibitor if an EGFR driver mutation or ALK gene rearrangement is present, respectively, and now requires further palliative systemic treatment.
The study will be conducted in two parts; an initial lung SBRT dose escalation phase (Part A), followed by a lung SBRT dose expansion cohort (Part B). The dose escalation phase is based on a 3+3 design such that patients will be treated in cohorts of 3-6 patients. A maximum of 12 patients will be allocated to one of two doses of lung SBRT in combination with pembrolizumab to determine the MTD, DLTs and RP2D. If there is more than one DLT in cohort 1, this treatment combination will be deemed as being unacceptable, and it would lead to termination of the study. Note, there is no de-escalation in cohort 1. During the dose expansion cohort, 12 patients will have lung SBRT dosed at the RP2D determined during the dose escalation phase in combination with pembrolizumab to obtain additional safety and response data. Maintenance pembrolizumab will continue until disease progression, unacceptable toxicities, the patient withdraws consent to the trial, or the patient has completed 24 months of treatment. A maximum of 24 patients will be treated in the study. All patients will receive pembrolizumab on cycle (C) 1 day (D) 1, in Part A and B of the study. All patients will receive lung SBRT on C1D15, C1D17, and C1D19 as per lung SBRT protocol (See Appendix 3). Although C1D1 can occur +/- 3 days, C1D15, C1D17, and C1D19, must be scheduled for a Monday, Wednesday and Friday, respectively. Patients in part A will receive lung SBRT dosed at 30 Gy in 3# in cohort 1, or 54 Gy in 3# in cohort 2. Patients in Part B will receive the RP2D of lung SBRT, determined in Part A. All patients in Part A and Part B will receive pembrolizumab dosed at 200 mg every 3 weeks, until disease progression, unacceptable toxicities, the patient withdraws consent from the trial, or the patient has completed 24 months of treatment. In the dose escalation phase, a minimum of 3 patients will be required per dose level being assessed. A minimum gap of 1 week will be left between the treatment of the first and the second, and between the second and the third patients with the combination of pembrolizumab and lung SBRT to mitigate against multiple patients suffering from acute toxicity. The DLT period for this study is 12 weeks from the last dose of lung SBRT (i.e. at C6D1). The dose escalation will be considered by the Safety Review Committee (SRC) once the 3rd or 6th patient in the cohort has completed the DLT period. If no DLT is observed at a dose level, then lung SBRT will be dose escalated to the next dosing level (see Table 1). If 1 out of 3 patients experience a DLT, then the cohort will be expanded to 6 patients. If 1 in 6 patients experience a DLT, then the dose will be escalated to the next dosing level. However, if ≥ 2 in 6 patients experience a DLT then the maximum administered dose (MAD) will have been reached, and the RP2D will be the previous dosing level that will be used for the dose expansion cohorts. If the MAD is seen at dose level 1 then the study will be terminated. While waiting for 3 or 6 patients to complete the DLT period, no additional patients will be recruited. Further patients can only be recruited after the SRC has reviewed the toxicity data for the cohort and taken a decision to dose escalate to the next cohort or expand the current cohort to 6 patients. Once the MTD has been determined the trial enters the dose expansion phase (unless the MTD is dose level 1). Here, 12 patients will be treated with the RP2D of SBRT combined with pembrolizumab. If there is ongoing clinical benefit at 24 months, the CI/PI will need to discuss with the sponsor and MSD, on a case by case basis for the continuation of pembrolizumab.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) dosed at 30 Gy in 3 fractions (#) in week 3
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) dosed at 54 Gy in 3 fractions (#) in week 3
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) dosed at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) determined in Part A in week 3
Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
Proportion of Patients With Dose Limiting Toxicity
Proportion of all treated patients who have experience at least one Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT). DLT is assessed using NCI CTCAE v4.0 and defined as any one or more of: neutropenia with fever grade \>=3; thrombocytopenia with bleeding grade \>=3; any grade \>=3 non-haematological toxicity which is definitely, probably, or possibly related to the trial treatment.
Time frame: From first dose of Pembrolizumab to 12 weeks from the last dose of lung SBRT
Acute Toxicity Rate
Percentage of patients any acute toxicity, by worst grade as assessed using CTCAE v4.0
Time frame: From first dose of Pembrolizumab to 12 weeks from the last dose of lung SBRT
Late Toxicity Rate
Percentage of patients with any late toxicity, by worst grade as assessed using CTCAE v4.0
Time frame: Assessed at start of each 21 day pembrolizumab cycle, starts from 12 weeks after last fraction of lung SBRT and ends 28 days after last on-trial dose of pembrolizumab (treatment ended at disease progression for all trial patients), up to 6 months
Overall Response Rate
Count of patients with best overall response of complete or partial response at any time, assessed using RECIST v1.1
Time frame: Response assessed from start of pembrolizumab, every 9 weeks for the first 6 months, then every 12 weeks thereafter, until the first instance of documented disease progression (occurred no later than 7 months from start of treatment for all patients)
Disease Control Rate
Count of patients with best overall response at any time of complete or partial response, or stable disease, assessed by RECIST v1.1
Time frame: Response assessed from start of pembrolizumab, every 9 weeks for the first 6 months, then every 12 weeks thereafter, until the first instance of documented disease progression (occurred no later than 7 months from start of treatment for all patients)
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Pembrolizumab in week 1 dosed at 200 mg (prior to SBRT) and then treatment with pembrolizumab will be continued dosed at 200 mg given every 3 weeks.
Overall Response Rate (irRECIST)
Count of patients with best response of complete or partial response, assessed using Immune Related Response Criteria (irRC) as defined by: Wolchok JD et al. Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: Immune related response criteria. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7412. (72)
Time frame: Response assessed from start of pembrolizumab, every 9 weeks for the first 6 months, then every 12 weeks thereafter, until the first instance of documented disease progression, start of new anti-cancer treatment, death or end of study
Frequency of PD-1/PD-L1 Expression
PD-1/PD-L1 expression distribution in responders and non-responders
Time frame: Response to be defined as per previous endpoint, PD1/PD-L1 to be measured at study entry
Overall Survival at Six Months
Count of patients known to be alive at six months
Time frame: 6 months after last dose of lung SBRT
Overall Survival at 12 Months
Count of patients known to be alive at 12 months
Time frame: 12 months after last dose of lung SBRT
Progression Free Survival at 6 Months
Count of patients known to be alive and free from progression at 6 months
Time frame: 6 months after last dose of lung SBRT
Progression Free Survival at 12 Months
Count of patients known to be alive and free from progression at 12 months
Time frame: 12 months after last dose of lung SBRT