Five-year Patency of No-touch Saphenous Vein Grafts in On-pump Versus Clamp-less Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients were eligible if they: 1. provided written informed consent; 2. were \>21 years of age; 3. required isolated CABG with median sternotomy; 4. had at least one of the following risk factors: 1. had peripheral vascular disease (previous peripheral bypass, amputation or anklebranchial index \<0.90), 2. had cerebrovascular disease (history of stroke, transient ischemic attach or carotid stenosis ≥70%), 3. had renal insufficiency (creatinine above upper limit of normal), 4. were ≥70 years of age, or 5. were between the ages of 60-69 with one of the following: i. had diabetes and taking an oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin, ii. required urgent revascularization (i.e., waiting in hospital for revascularization after an acute coronary syndrome), iii. were a recent smoker (within 1 year of randomization), or iv. had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, OR 6. were between the ages of 55-59 with two of the following: i. Diabetes and taking an oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin, ii. required urgent revascularization (i.e., waiting in hospital for revascularization after an acute coronary syndrome, iii. were a recent smoker (within 1 year of randomization), or iv. had a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% Exclusion Criteria: * Patients were excluded if they: 1. required a concomitant cardiac procedure associated with CABG; 2. had a contraindication to off-pump or on-pump CABG (e.g., calcified aorta, intramuscular left anterior descending artery, calcified coronaries, small target vessels); 3. had a concomitant life-threatening disease likely to limit life expectancy to less than 2 years; 4. were previously enrollment in the CORONARY Trial; 5. required emergency CABG surgery (i.e., immediate revascularization for hemodynamic instability); OR 6. required a redo CABG.