Effects of Procyanidine on Semen Parameters and DNA Fragmentation Index During Cryopreservation of Abnormal Human Semen Samples

Inclusion Criteria: Infertility defined as: * At least twelve (12) months of non-achieving pregnancy despite unprotected sexual intercourse or six (6) months, if the female is \> 35 years of age AND * At least two (2) semen analyses with at least one abnormal parameter (sperm concentration, motility and morphology), according to WHO 2010 criteria. * Not on any type of infertility treatment for the last three (3) months * Sperm concentration \> 8 x 106/ml and semen volume at least 2.5 ml for technical reasons. * Normal hormonal profile (TSH, FSH, LH, total testosterone, prolactin) * Seminal white blood cells \< 1 x 106/ml * No abnormalities in scrotal ultrasound. Exclusion Criteria: * Underlying genetic cause of infertility * History of undescended testis (cryptorchidism) * History of orchidectomy * History of testicular cancer * History of severe cardiac, hepatic or renal disease. * History of endocrine disease (primary or secondary hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disease, pituitary or adrenal disease) * History of epididymo-orchitis, prostatitis, genital trauma, testicular torsion, inguinal or genital surgery * History of systemic disease or treatment during the last three (3) months * Positive sperm culture for Chlamydia or Ureaplasma urealyticum * Female infertility factors * Body mass index (BMI) \> 30 kg/m2 * Participation in another interventional study and a likelihood of being unavailable for follow-up.