This experimental study is planned to investigate the impact of hypoglycaemia on platelet activation parameters (PAP) during a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp study. The hypothesis that hypoglycaemia in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (T2DM) leads to increased platelet activation will be tested.
Increased platelet activation is significantly involved in the pathophysiology of micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Previously performed studies suggested platelet activation in both, hyper- and hypoglycaemic states, leading to a potentially increased risk for thromboembolic complications. Hypoglycaemia, in particular severe hypoglycaemic episodes, has been associated with increased cardiovascular or overall mortality in previous studies. Potential mechanisms include arrhythmias or increased risk for thromboembolism, based on platelet activation and/or hypercoagulability. The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of hypoglycaemia on platelet activation parameters (PAP) during a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp study. We hypothesize that Hypoglycaemia in patients with T2DM leads to increased platelet activation. The primary objective is to investigate platelet activation during different levels of hypoglycaemia induced by a stepwise hyperinsulinaemic, hypoglycemic clamp experiment in patients with T2DM. Active study duration will be 5 days for each study participant. 14 subjects with T2DM without history of cardiovascular events or manifest atherosclerosis will be enrolled. During this monocentric, single arm, open, mechanistic trial platelet activation and recovery at one week after the clamp experiment, changes of pro-atherothrombotic markers during the hypoglycaemic clamp as well as counter regulatory hormone response during the clamp will be investigated.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
14
All 14 subjects will undergo an euglycaemic clamp at Visit 2 with a plasma Glucose target of 5.5 mmol/L +/- 10% (4 timepoints for platelet activity parameter blood sampling)
All 14 subjects will undergo a hypoglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp at Visit 3 with 4 timepoints for platelet activity Parameter blood sampling 30 minutes after reaching certain plasma glucose plateaus (5.5 mmol/L; 3.5 mmol/L; 2.5 mmol/L; after recovery again at 5.5 mmol/L)
Medical University of Graz, Department for Internal Medicine
Graz, Austria
Changes in Platelet Activation Marker Adenosin Diphosphate (%)
Changes in platelet activation measured by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) on a Chronolog 700 Lumi-Aggregometer based on Adenosin Diphosphate (ADP %) activation. Visit 3, Hyperinsulinaemic/Hypoglycaemic clamp Experiment: Timepoint 0 (Baseline = Plasma Glucose 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 1 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 1 = Plasma Glucose 63mg/dL \[3.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 2 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 2 = Plasma Glucose 45mg/dL \[2.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 3 (Recovery = Plasma Glucose 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\] Follow up 1 (1 Day after the Clamp Experiment) Follow up 2 (7 +/- 1 day after the Clamp Experiment)
Time frame: Measurement during different levels of hypoglycaemia as well as 1 and 7 days after the clamp experiment
Quantification of Platelet Function and Activation PAC1CD62PCD63POS (%)
Quantification of platelet activation markers by flow cytometry in unstimulated blood samples (CD62P, CD63 and binding of PAC-1) using a BD LSRFortessa flow cytometer. Hyperinsulinaemic/Hypoglycaemic clamp Experiment: Timepoint 0 (Baseline = Plasma Glucose 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 1 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 1 = Plasma Glucose 63mg/dL \[3.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 2 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 2 = Plasma Glucose 45mg/dL \[2.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 3 (Recovery = Plasma Glucose 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\] Follow up 1 (1 Day after the Clamp Experiment) Follow up 2 (7 +/- 1 day after the Clamp Experiment)
Time frame: Measurement during different levels of hypoglycaemia as well as 1 and 7 days after the clamp experiment
Markers of Coagulation Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (ng/mL)
Effects on coagulation parameter plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Visit 3, Hyperinsulinaemic/Hypoglycaemic clamp Experiment: Timepoint 0 (Baseline = PG 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 1 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 1 = PG 63mg/dL \[3.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 2 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 2 = PG 45mg/dL \[2.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 3 (Recovery = PG 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\] Follow up 1 (1 Day after the Clamp Experiment) Follow up 2 (7 +/- 1 day after the Clamp Experiment)
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Time frame: Measurement during different levels of hypoglycaemia as well as 1 and 7 days after the clamp experiment
Changes in Coagulation Marker Fibrinogen (g/L)
Changes in coagulation marker Fibrinogen, measured on a Behring Coagulation System BCS XP Analyzer. Visit 3, Hyperinsulinaemic/Hypoglycaemic clamp Experiment: Timepoint 0 (Baseline = PG 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 1 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 1 = PG 63mg/dL \[3.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 2 (Hypoglycaemia Plateau 2 = PG 45mg/dL \[2.5mmol/L\]) Timepoint 3 (Recovery = PG 100mg/dL \[5.5mmol/L\] Follow up 1 (1 Day after the Clamp Experiment) Follow up 2 (7 +/- 1 day after the Clamp Experiment)
Time frame: Measurement during different levels of hypoglycaemia as well as 1 and 7 days after the clamp experiment