Efficacy of Oral Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection

Inclusion Criteria: * Willing to provide informed consent. * Willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study. * Documented diagnosis of at least one CDI within the last 180 days with treatment completed. * Currently receiving systemic antibiotics for a non-CDI condition with anticipated duration of no more than 2 weeks. * Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to randomization and agree to use adequate contraception prior to randomization, for the duration of the study, and for 4 weeks following study completion. * Have received no more than 72 hours of non-CDI antibiotics. Exclusion Criteria: * History of hypersensitivity or allergy to oral vancomycin. * Current use of oral vancomycin * Patients on concurrent treatment with metronidazole or tetracycline monotherapy for any indication * Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disorder (Crohn's disease), or bacterial gastrointestinal infection cause by agents other than C. difficile (e.g. Salmonella sp.), toxic megacolon and/or known small bowel ileus. * Dysphagia (inability to swallow capsules) or unwilling to swallow capsules. * Major gastrointestinal surgery within 3 months of enrollment (does not include appendectomy or cholecystectomy). * Any history of total colectomy or bariatric surgery. * Unable or unwilling to fulfill study requirements. * Expected life expectancy \< 6 months. * Patients enrolled in another clinical trial with investigational drugs within 30 days prior to randomization. * Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding. * Any patient deemed not suitable for study participation at the discretion of the study investigator. * Diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in a 24 hour period) at enrollment.