Temozolomide, Radiation Therapy, and Tumor Treating Fields Therapy in Treating Participants With Glioblastoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with pathology confirmed newly diagnosed World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma * Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60 * Patients must have recovered from the effects of surgery per treating physician's judgment; there must be a minimum of 21 days from the day of surgery to the day of protocol treatment; for core or needle biopsy, a minimum of 14 days must have elapsed prior to the day of protocol treatment * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,000 cells/mm\^3 * Platelets ≥ 100,000 cells/mm\^3 * Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl * Creatinine clearance \> 30 mL/min * Bilirubin \< 2.0 mg/dL * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 3 x upper limit of normal range * Women of childbearing potential must have a negative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) pregnancy test documented within 14 days prior to registration * Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for 4 months after last dose of temozolomide * Is able to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast of the brain * All subjects must be able to comprehend and sign a written informed consent document. If the subject can comprehend the informed consent but is unable to sign, a LAR may sign the written informed consent document. Exclusion Criteria: * Infratentorial disease (defined as glioblastoma \[GBM\] derived from cerebellum or brainstem) * Implanted pacemaker, defibrillator or deep brain stimulator, or documented clinically significant arrhythmias * A skull defect (such as, missing bone with no replacement) * Women of childbearing potential who are pregnant or breastfeeding * Evidence of increased intracranial pressure (midline shift \> 5 mm, clinically significant papilledema) * Serious medical or psychiatric illness likely to interfere with participation in this clinical study, in the opinion of the investigator * Prior radiation treatment to the brain * Prior treatment with temozolomide * Known hypersensitivity to conductive hydrogels like the gel used on electrocardiogram (ECG) stickers or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) electrodes * Known active collagen vascular disease