The purpose of this study is to measure peak skin interface pressures and the total area of the body exposed to skin interface pressure above 30 mm Hg at different areas of the body in the supine position on two different support surfaces applied to a standard North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) litter (NSN: 6530-01-380-7309) and a Raven 90C Litter (NSN6530-01-432-5114). The support surfaces are the Warrior Evacuation Litter Pad (WELP) and the Dolphin Fluid Immersion Simulation Stretcher System (FIS). These pressure measurements and transcutaneous oxygenation readings will allow us to determine differences between support surfaces.
The purpose of this study is to measure peak skin interface pressures and the total area of the body exposed to skin interface pressure above 30 mm Hg at different areas of the body in the supine position on two different support surfaces applied to a standard North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) litter (NSN: 6530-01-380-7309) and a Raven 90C Litter (NSN6530-01-432-5114). The Raven 90C is the official litter for the U.S. Navy. It is approved for flight on United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft. It can be easily folded for storage and transport to remote settings. The support surfaces are the Warrior Evacuation Litter Pad (WELP) and the Dolphin Fluid Immersion Simulation Stretcher System (FIS). In theory, mattresses that reduce and/or minimize pressure on the capillary bed's perfusion can help reduce pressure related injury such as pressure or decubitus ulcer development. Skin interface pressure measurements using a pressure mapping system and transcutaneous oxygenation readings will allow us to determine these differences between support surfaces. A better understanding of skin interface pressure associated with the litter support surfaces is vital for military nurses to develop and implement preventative interventions to reduce pressure ulcer development in our patients. In addition, this study will provide information to help determine the usefulness and feasibility of incorporating the fluid immersion system (FIS) as a litter support surface. This research protocol has one major aim: To determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP and the Dolphin FIS There are also two secondary aims: 1. To determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities of the WELP when used as the mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter. 2. To determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities of the Dolphin FIS when used as the mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
44
Interface pressure will be measured using the XSensor X3 Pressure Mapping System. Transducers will be placed near both scapula. Measures will be obtained in upright (baseline) and supine positions on 4 randomly assigned litter mattress combinations. Constant TCPO2 measures, as well as peak pressures and total body surface area exposed to skin will be measured for the occiput, sacrum, both scapula, buttocks and heel areas. It will take about 20 minutes for each combination. The session is complete after all measures have been obtain for all litter/mattress combinations.
Interface pressure will be measured using the XSensor X3 Pressure Mapping System. Transducers will be placed near both scapula. Measures will be obtained in upright (baseline) and supine positions on 4 randomly assigned litter mattress combinations. Constant TCPO2 measures, as well as peak pressures and total body surface area exposed to skin will be measured for the occiput, sacrum, both scapula, buttocks and heel areas. It will take about 20 minutes for each combination. The session is complete after all measures have been obtain for all litter/mattress combinations.
Interface pressure will be measured using the XSensor X3 Pressure Mapping System. Transducers will be placed near both scapula. Measures will be obtained in upright (baseline) and supine positions on 4 randomly assigned litter mattress combinations. Constant TCPO2 measures, as well as peak pressures and total body surface area exposed to skin will be measured for the occiput, sacrum, both scapula, buttocks and heel areas. It will take about 20 minutes for each combination. The session is complete after all measures have been obtain for all litter/mattress combinations.
Interface pressure will be measured using the XSensor X3 Pressure Mapping System. Transducers will be placed near both scapula. Measures will be obtained in upright (baseline) and supine positions on 4 randomly assigned litter mattress combinations. Constant TCPO2 measures, as well as peak pressures and total body surface area exposed to skin will be measured for the occiput, sacrum, both scapula, buttocks and heel areas. It will take about 20 minutes for each combination. The session is complete after all measures have been obtain for all litter/mattress combinations.
David Grant Medical Center
Travis Air Force Base, California, United States
Pressure Redistribution: Peak Pressure Index
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP and the Dolphin FIS when used as mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution qualities will be measured in mmHg using XSensor X3 pressure mapping technology. To minimize the risk of a faulty sensor or false reading over one sensor, the average of eight cells around the region will be recorded and referred to as the Peak Pressure Index (PPI). Peak interface pressure is the highest average pressure (mm Hg) measured over vulnerable bony prominences (occiput, sacrum, and bilateral scapula, buttocks, and heels) at 0 minutes. PPI will be measured in mm Hg and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 0 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Peak Pressure Index
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP and the Dolphin FIS when used as mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution qualities will be measured in mmHg using XSensor X3 pressure mapping technology. To minimize the risk of a faulty sensor or false reading over one sensor, the average of eight cells around the region will be recorded and referred to as the Peak Pressure Index (PPI). Peak interface pressure is the highest average pressure (mm Hg) measured over vulnerable bony prominences (occiput, sacrum, and bilateral scapula, buttocks, and heels) at 5 minutes. PPI will be measured in mm Hg and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 5 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Peak Pressure Index
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP and the Dolphin FIS when used as mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution qualities will be measured in mmHg using XSensor X3 pressure mapping technology. To minimize the risk of a faulty sensor or false reading over one sensor, the average of eight cells around the region will be recorded and referred to as the Peak Pressure Index (PPI). Peak interface pressure is the highest average pressure (mm Hg) measured over vulnerable bony prominences (occiput, sacrum, and bilateral scapula, buttocks, and heels) at 10 minutes. PPI will be measured in mm Hg and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 10 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Peak Pressure Index
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP and the Dolphin FIS when used as mattress on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution qualities will be measured in mmHg using XSensor X3 pressure mapping technology. To minimize the risk of a faulty sensor or false reading over one sensor, the average of eight cells around the region will be recorded and referred to as the Peak Pressure Index (PPI). Peak interface pressure is the highest average pressure (mm Hg) measured over vulnerable bony prominences (occiput, sacrum, and bilateral scapula, buttocks, and heels) at 15 minutes. PPI will be measured in mm Hg and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 15 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Total Surface Area (TSA) > 30 mm Hg
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP when used on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution will be measured over vulnerable bony prominences as total area of body exposed to skin interface pressures exceeding 30 mm Hg while subjects are in the supine position at 0 minutes. This measure will be expressed as cm2 and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 0 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Total Surface Area (TSA) > 30 mm Hg
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP when used on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution will be measured over vulnerable bony prominences as total area of body exposed to skin interface pressures exceeding 30 mm Hg while subjects are in the supine position at 5 minutes. This measure will be expressed as cm2 and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 5 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Total Surface Area (TSA) > 30 mm Hg
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP when used on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution will be measured over vulnerable bony prominences as total area of body exposed to skin interface pressures exceeding 30 mm Hg while subjects are in the supine position at 10 minutes. This measure will be expressed as cm2 and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 10 minutes
Pressure Redistribution: Total Surface Area (TSA) > 30 mm Hg
Determine the difference in the pressure redistribution qualities between the WELP when used on the NATO litter and Raven litter. Pressure redistribution will be measured over vulnerable bony prominences as total area of body exposed to skin interface pressures exceeding 30 mm Hg while subjects are in the supine position at 15 minutes. This measure will be expressed as cm2 and the mean will be reported
Time frame: 15 minutes
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