The objectives of this study are to: * Evaluate the effect of visual feedback on the intensity of low back pain, range of motion and function of pregnant and non-pregnant women with chronic low back pain. * Determine the association between low back pain, catastrophizing, fear of movement and low back perception/image.
It is antecipated that 15 pregnant women with low back pain and 15 non-pregnant women with low back pain will enter the study. Each group will receive two different interventions, one consisting of visual feedback when performing 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and right and left side-flexion and another intervention consisting of the same low back movements without visual feedback. Participants will be assessed for pain intensity, pain location, disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, perception of the low back, flexion range of motion and time to perform the sit to stand test both at baseline and after the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
24
Participants will be asked to perform 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and lateral side-flexions while looking at their back in a mirror for visual feedback.
Participants will be asked to perform 10 repetitions of low back flexion, extension and lateral side-flexions while looking at a mirror that is covered and no visual feedback is provided.
Escola Superior de Saúde
Aveiro, Portugal
Pain intensity
Measured using the visual analogue scale, which measures pain intensity (range: 0-10 and higher values are indicative of higher pain intensity)
Time frame: Baseline
Pain intensity
Measured using the visual analogue scale, which measures pain intensity (range: 0-10 and higher values are indicative of higher pain intensity)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Pain location
Measured using a body chart
Time frame: Baseline
Pain location
Measured using a body chart
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Disability
Assessed using the Roland Morris Questionnaire, which assesses low back pain associated disability (range: 0-24 and higher values indicate higher disability)
Time frame: Baseline
Disability
Assessed using the Roland Morris Questionnaire, which assesses low back pain associated disability (range: 0-24 and higher values indicate higher disability)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Catastrophizing
Assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (range 0-52 and higher values are indicative of higher pain catastrophizing)
Time frame: Baseline
Catastrophizing
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Assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (range 0-52 and higher values are indicative of higher pain catastrophizing)
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Low back perception
Assessed by asking participants to draw how they perceive their low back to be
Time frame: Baseline
Low back perception
Assessed by asking participants to draw how they perceive their low back to be
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Flexion range of motion
The distance between the 3rd finger and the floor is measured with a ruler when participants lean forward.
Time frame: Baseline
Flexion range of motion
The distance between the 3rd finger and the floor is measured with a ruler when participants lean forward.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)
Time taken to sit and stand 5 times
Measured using the sit-to-stand test, i.e., the time, in seconds, that a participant takes to sit and stand from a common chair 5 consecutive times.
Time frame: Baseline
Time taken to sit and stand 5 times
Measured using the sit-to-stand test, i.e., the time, in seconds, that a participant takes to sit and stand from a common chair 5 consecutive times.
Time frame: Immediately after the intervention (at 30 minutes)