Pictorial Warning Labels and Memory for Relative and Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Teens

numeric risk recognition

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., \_\_\_\_% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

relative risk recognition

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers vs. nonsmokers for each health risk (e.g., a smoker is \_\_\_\_ as likely to die from heart disease as a nonsmoker). For each question, there were three decoy responses (e.g., for heart disease, response options were: "about as likely," "1.75 times," "4.1 times," "10.4 times").

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

relative risk recognition

Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers vs. nonsmokers for each health risk (e.g., a smoker is \_\_\_\_ as likely to die from heart disease as a nonsmoker). For each question, there were three decoy responses (e.g., for heart disease, response options were: "about as likely," "1.75 times," "4.1 times," "10.4 times").

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

smoking risk perceptions

Participants completed several scale items about how much risk they perceived smoking posed to them (e.g., "If a person smokes at your age, how likely are they to get a life-threatening illness from smoking someday ?" \[1=very unlikely; 5=extremely likely\])

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

smoking risk perceptions

Participants completed several scale items about how much risk they perceived smoking posed to them (e.g., "If a person smokes at your age, how likely are they to get a life-threatening illness from smoking someday ?" \[1=very unlikely; 5=extremely likely\])

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

quit intentions (for next 30 days)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next 30 days" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely) (only for those teens who currently smoked)

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

quit intentions (for next 30 days)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next 30 days" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely) (only for those teens who currently smoked)

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

quit intentions (for next year)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next year" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely) only for those teens who currently smoked

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

quit intentions (for next year)

Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next year" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely) only for those teens who currently smoked

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

risk recognition

Participants were given a list of 9 warnings and asked to select which ones they'd been previously exposed to

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

risk recognition

Participants were given a list of 9 warnings and asked to select which ones they'd been previously exposed to

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay

feelings about smoking

Participants completed several scale items about their feelings towards smoking (e.g., "How good or bad do you feel about smoking?" -2=very bad; +2=very good; "How much do you feel confused about the harms vs. benefits of smoking?" 0=not at all confused; 4=very confused)

Time frame: measured immediately following last exposure

feelings about smoking

Participants completed several scale items about their feelings towards smoking (e.g., "How good or bad do you feel about smoking?" -2=very bad; +2=very good; "How much do you feel confused about the harms vs. benefits of smoking?" 0=not at all confused; 4=very confused)

Time frame: measured after 6-week delay