To asses the functional outcome after individualized treatment of acute achilles tendon rupture. The treatment is individualizes on the basis of ultrasonographic status of tendon overlap and Barfod's Ultrasonographic length measure. Patients are allocated for operative treatment if there the tendon overlap is less than 25 % or the tendon is elongated with 7% or more compared to the healthy, contralateral achilles tendon. The study includes two control groups of non-operative and operative treatment.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
300
The most proximal border of the calcaneus and the most distal point of the musculotendinous junction of the Achilles tendon and the medial gastrocnemius muscle is identified and marked on the skin. These two points on the un-injured leg defines the original length of the total Achilles tendon and consist of the free tendon and the fascia \[1\]. The difference in length between the injure and the un-injured leg determines elongation for the ruptured Achilles tendon. The relative elongation of the ruptured tendon together with overlap of the tendon ends on the cross-sectional area determines the treatment for the patients receiving individualized treatment: 1) patients with 0-6% elongation of the tendon and a minimum of 25% tendon are treated non-operatively 2) patients with 7% elongation or more or less than 25% tendon overlap are treated operatively. The cut-off at 7% elongation is determined for 75% sensitivity and 65% specificity of elongation.
Circulated cast below the knee in maximal, unforced plantar flexion over the ankel.
Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre
Hvidovre, Denmark
Hospital Lillte Belt, Kolding
Kolding, Denmark
Zealand University Hospital, Køge
Køge, Denmark
Jutland Central Regional Hospital
Viborg, Denmark
Heel-rise work test
An endurance test where the patient stands on one leg and lifts the heel up and down until exhaustion. The number and the height of the heel rises are counted and measured and plotted into a diagram on an X-axis and Y-axis respectively. The results are then compared to the weight of the patient and the total work is estimated as area under the curve. The heel lift distance between the heel and the floor is measured in millimeters. The procedure is performed on the uninjured leg first and subsequently on the injured leg. The patient is barefoot for the heel-rise work test and stands on a flat surface with a 10 degree inclination. For these functional tests a measurement system MuscleLab (Ergotest Technology, Oslo, Norway) will be used at all the centers.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 12 months of started treatment
Barfod's ultrasonographic length measure
The examination of both the total and the free part of the achilles tendon of both the injured and un-injured leg is performed. The total length of the tendon is defined under the description of the intervention. The free part of the achilles tendon is defined as the distance between the proximal border of calcaneus and the musculotendinous junction of the soleus muscle and the achilles tendon. The method will be used both diagnostically for the individualized treatment and as a secondary endpoint.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 6 and 12 months of started treatment
Indirectly, clinical Achilles tendon length estimate
Achilles tendon length is indirectly estimated clinically by use of the Achilles Tendon Resting Angle (ATRA) or the Achilles Tendon Length Measure (ATLM). The patient lies flat in prone position on the examination bed. The knee is flexed at 90 degrees and the ankle sits in relaxed position. The ATRA is determined as the angle between the corpus of the fibula and the corpus of the 5th metatarsus. The ATLM is determined as the distance from the caput of the 5th metatarsus to the surface of the examination bed. Both the ATRA and the ATLM are determined for both the injured and the uninjured leg. The difference between the healthy and the injured leg is evaluated
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Open surgery with suture of the ruptured achilles tendon prior to circulated cast below the knee in maximal, unforced plantar flexion over the ankel.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 6 and 12 months of started treatment
Complications
Incidence rate of the commonly known complications and adverse events such as infection, re-rupture, permanent sural nerve dysfunction, adhesions and pain at the scar is noted. Attention is also paid to so far unknown complications in relation to the treatments.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 12 months of started treatment
Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS)
Patients will fill out the ATRS questionnaire in connection to the follow-up visits in the Outpatients Department. ATRS is a patient-reported outcome measure. This questionnaire is a part of the usual examination of the patients' function, and is used during all follow-ups in the usual care.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 6 and 12 months of started treatment
Heel-rise Work test
An endurance test where the patient stands on one leg and lifts the heel up and down until exhaustion. The number and the height of the heel rises are counted and measured and plotted into a diagram on an X-axis and Y-axis respectively. The results are then compared to the weight of the patient and the total work is estimated as area under the curve. The heel lift distance between the heel and the floor is measured in millimeters. The procedure is performed on the uninjured leg first and subsequently on the injured leg. The patient is barefoot for the heel-rise work test and stands on a flat surface with a 10 degree inclination. For these functional tests a measurement system MuscleLab (Ergotest Technology, Oslo, Norway) will be used at all the centers.
Time frame: Evaluation method after 6 months of started treatment