This is a retrospective study aimed at establishing a database of the current health of adult patients with IEM in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. .
Background Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of rare disorders caused by genetic mutations that affect enzymes of intermediary metabolism. Because adult with IEMs has become an emerging and challenging group in Switzerland, this study is intended to assess the actual situation of adult patients with IEM in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, namely their age, their sex, their diagnosis, age at disease onset and their clinical outcome including complications of the disease. All adult patients with a biochemical and/or genetic diagnosis of IEM followed at the adult metabolic clinic from the Lausanne University Hospital and Geneva University Hospital between 01.10.2013 to 31.12.2017 will be included in the study. In addition, investigators will also include the patients referred to the clinic for suspicion of IEM and determinate if the investigation confirmed an IEM disease. Electronic and paper patient charts will be reviewed for clinical features, biochemical investigations, molecular genetic testing, diagnostic imaging, treatment and long-term outcome. All data will be entered in an Excel database.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
220
Lausanne University Hospitals
Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
Specific diagnosis of IEM listed by their frequency
Clinical outcome
Time frame: First visit
Age at diagnosis (years/months)
Clinical outcome
Time frame: First visit
Medical complications
Clinical outcome including acute liver failure, nephropathy, metabolic acidosis, ophthalmologic anomalies, epilepsy, encephalopathy, myopathy, neuropathy, diabetes
Time frame: 4 years
Specific treatment for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Treatment specific to each diseases including ammonia scavenger, enzyme replacement therapy, carnitine, ubiquinone, vitamins, specific diet, dialysis, specific metabolic formula
Time frame: 4 years
Number of hospital admission
Clinical outcome
Time frame: 4 years
Survival rate (%)
Clinical Outcome
Time frame: 4 years
Gender (Male/female)
Demography outcome
Time frame: First visit
Abdominal Ultrasound results
Radiological Imaging description of spleen and/or liver when available (size, echostructure)
Time frame: 4 years
Magnetic resonance Imaging scan
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Radiological Imaging description of brain, abdomen and bone when available
Time frame: 4 years
Bone density test
Radiological Imaging description of bone including T-score when available
Time frame: 4 years
Biological biomarkers of specific diseases (lysosomal storage disorders and galactosemia)
Laboratory including blood concentration of chitotriosidase and Galactose-1-Phosphate
Time frame: 4 years
Clinical chemistry
Laboratory including blood concentration of sodium, potassium, liver function tests, creatinine, uric acid, urea, amino acids, acylcarnitine profile, methylmalonate, total homocysteine and urine concentration of organic acids
Time frame: 4 years
Hematology tests
Laboratory (blood count, international normalized ratio, prothrombin time)
Time frame: 4 years
Enzyme activity in leucocytes and/or fibroblasts
Enzyme activity of deficient enzyme when available for lysosomal storage diseases, mucopolysaccharidoses, cobalamin deficiency, diseases, classical homocystinuria
Time frame: 4 years
Molecular analysis results of candidate gene for Inborn Errors of metabolism
Laboratory including mutation results confirming the molecular origin of the disease when available
Time frame: 4 years