Postoperative pain (POP) is frequently underestimated in general and little data are available particularly for POP after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS). The investigators will conduct a 1-year retrospective study on patients undergoing VRS at "Careggi Hospital" . The aim of the study will be to observe the amount of POP, its time course, factors associated with its appearance and finally the efficacy of the pain protocol that is in use.
Post-operative pain (POP) is frequently underestimated, mostly after eye surgery, a type of surgery in which trauma is limited and pain is not investigated as patients are often discharged from the hospital within a few hours. Good POP management can improve clinical outcome and patients' satisfaction and constitutes essential criteria for hospital discharge after day-case or ambulatory surgery. Little data are available particularly for POP after vitreoretinal surgery (VRS). The investigators will conduct a 1-year retrospective study on patients undergoing VRS at "Careggi Hospital" , a teaching University Hospital in Italy. The aim of the study will be to observe the amount of POP after VRS, its time course, factors associated with its appearance and finally the efficacy of the pain protocol that is in use. Pain will be evaluated according to the "Numerical Rating Scale" (NRS), a 11-point numeric scale ranging from '0' which represents "no pain" and '10' which represents extreme pain at several intervals after surgery. Analgesic consumption (in terms of type and amount of analgesics) and the efficacy of the analgesic protocol in use will also be recorded. Factors possibly associated with POP (such as duration of surgery, presence of comorbidities, ASA physical status, age, type of anesthesia (locoregional or general anesthesia)) will be analyzed. The associations between the principal outcome (amount of POP) and risk factors will be evaluated using a simple and multiple logistic regression model.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
800
Measure of postoperative pain
postoperative pain
Numerical Rating Scale (NRS, a verbal numerical scale ranging from 0 to10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 the maximal possible pain )
Time frame: first day following surgery
age
years
Time frame: day of surgery
duration of surgery
minutes
Time frame: day of surgery
ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) PHYSICAL STATUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM I-IV (with I indicating a normal healthy patient and IV a patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life)
I-IV (I : healthy patient; IV: worse state of health)
Time frame: day of surgery
comorbidities
presence
Time frame: day of surgery
type of anesthesia
general anesthesia
Time frame: day of surgery
type of anesthesia
locoregional anesthesia
Time frame: day of surgery
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