Effect of Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Cardiometabolic Wellbeing

Inclusion Criteria: * generally good health status based on one routine physical in the past 15 months, current health status * normal HbA1C, weigh 110 lb or more * Age 50 years or more, generally healthy, all races and both sexes * generally practicing a meat-based dietary pattern, do not have any special dietary requirement, and * willingness to comply with the study protocol, including on-site meal consumption and sample/data collection. Exclusion Criteria: * medication usage, probiotic, long-term antibiotic, and tobacco/drug/alcohol use * Not on any special diet within 3 months of recruitment, and do not have any intention to lose weight. * impaired kidney functions * Active history of cancer, diabetes, heart, liver, and kidney diseases * major gastrointestinal disorders in the past 3 months * history of heart attacks or stroke * Unable to meet in-person visit requirements for dining, picking up meals, and tests * Any mental health condition that would affect the ability to provide written informed consent. * If they had not had a routine health checkup during the 12 months prior to recruitment. * If they were unwilling to abstain from taking nutritional supplements, alcohol, non-study foods, and beverage during the study period.