Sleep is essential to health. Quality of sleep, measure through indexes of sleep, is related to the incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and premature death. Sleep pattern changes as people age. They tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. Singapore's population is aging rapidly and improving their indexes of sleep may result in their health promotion.
Sleep is essential to health and indexes of sleep including duration, quality, and patterning are related to the incidence of chronic diseases and premature death. Changes in sleep patterns are a part of the aging process and as people age, they tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Certain cross-sectional studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. In the last decade, Singapore's population has grown older. However, limited research examined the association between food/nutrient intake and indexes of sleep in middle-aged and older population in Singapore. Therefore, with a growing number of elderly, studies on improving their sleep quality can play a significant role in improving their quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study and subjects require a 1-day visit (one time visit ONLY). Generally healthy middle-aged and older population will be recruited and after the phone screening and validated subjects will complete the medical history questionnaire and to be brought on the day of visit. During the visit, subjects will stay approximately 3-h to complete the testing. After completing the consent form, fasting-state blood collection and general health assessment will be conducted. Then subjects will be asked to complete the questionnaires to assess sleep quality and dietary intake.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
108
Investigational Medical Unit (IMU)
Singapore, Singapore
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (GSS)
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Global Sleep Score (GSS): 0-21 (arbitrary unit; au) A lower value indicates better sleep quality
Time frame: Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 2
Sleep evaluation questionnaire Score: 0-56 (arbitrary unit) Lower score suggests better sleep
Time frame: Day 1
Dietary Assessment
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)
Time frame: Day 1
Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Carotenoids)
3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary carotenoids) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected.
Time frame: Day 3
Blood Amino Acid Concentration (Plasma Tryptophan)
Amino acid analysis on collected blood serum for blood amino acid profile.
Time frame: Day 1
Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Macronutrients)
3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary fat) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected.
Time frame: Day 3
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Duration)
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep duration (hours)
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Time frame: Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Latency)
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep latency (minutes)
Time frame: Day 1
Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Efficiency)
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep efficiency (%)
Time frame: Day 1
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure using electronic devices that work on the oscillometric technique. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure are both collected and reported
Time frame: Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Height (kg)
Time frame: Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 2
Weight (kg)
Time frame: Day 1
Anthropometric Measurements 3
Waist circumference (cm)
Time frame: Day 1
Skin Carotenoid Status
Measure with resonance Raman spectroscopy. A higher score is indicative of raised skin carotenoid levels and hence, a better outcome
Time frame: Day 1
Perceived Stress Assessment
Perceived stress assessment (PSS) questionnaire Score: 0-40 (arbitrary unit; au) A higher score indicates higher perceived stress
Time frame: Day 1
Blood Lipid and Glucose Profile
Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, hdl-cholesterol and glucose concentration
Time frame: Day 1
Plasma Carotenoids Concentration
High performance liquid chromatography quantitative analyses of carotenoids in plasma samples
Time frame: Day 1