Impact of a High Saturated Fat Diet on Fasted Systemic and White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Responses

Loughborough University15 enrolled

Overview

This study will investigate the effect of a 7-day westernised high-fat (65% of kilocalories), high-calorie (150% of requirements) diet on markers of inflammation in the blood and white adipose tissue. Participants will firstly complete a 3-day weight maintenance phase (Days 1-3) before completing a 7-day high fat diet intervention (Days 4-10). On days 4 and 11 participants will complete a laboratory visit where anthropometric measurements, blood and adipose samples will be collected. The investigators hypothesise that consuming a high-fat, high-calorie diet for 7 days will alter the inflammatory responses in white adipose tissue and will induce metabolic endotoxaemia / systemic inflammation.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Inflammation Obesity Inflammatory Response Cardiovascular Diseases

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 40 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion criteria: * 18-40 years * BMI = 21.0-29.9 kg/m2 * Male or female * Physically active (\> 3 x 30 min moderate exercise per week) * Healthy * No cardiometabolic (e.g. heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes) or inflammatory illness Exclusion criteria: * Inactive (\< 3 x 30 min moderate exercise per week) * Smoker * Women who are pregnant or lactating * Medication/supplements known to interfere with study outcomes or prescribed antibiotics within the last 3 months * Unstable weight history (≥3kg loss or gain in the previous 3 months) * An allergy to lidocaine * Food allergies (e.g. gluten, dairy) and intolerances (e.g. lactose) which could impede compliance to the diet * Vegetarian/ vegan (as the high-fat diet is based on animal fats) * Consumption of probiotics yogurts during or within the four weeks prior to the start of the study (e.g. Actimel, Activia, Yakult, Yeo Valley) * Alcohol consumption \>28 units per week for a man (i.e. not more than 14 pints of beer or 28 small glasses of wine) or \>21 units per week for a woman (i.e. more than 10 and a half pints of beer or 21 small glasses of wine) * Any other unusual medical history or diet and lifestyle habits or practices that would preclude volunteers from participating in a dietary intervention or metabolic study * Restrained eaters (determined by Three Factor Eating Questionnaire)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Protein expression (content and phosphorylation) of key markers of metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue (for example assessment of NFKB/IKBa total protein and phosphorylation by western blot analysis)

This will be assessed following the collection of fasted white adipose tissue samples