Current knowledge: To the best of our knowledge, no studies have reported the correlation between pulmonary function and the vascular endothelial function in diabetic patients during the preclinical period. Indeed, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the leading causes of end-stage renal failure and acquired blindness, respectively. However, when investigators treat patients with type 2 diabetes, investigators seldom consider the pulmonary vascular injury induced by glycemia. Experimental studies have shown that pulmonary function and Vascular endothelial function change during the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy. Researchers have already established that compared to healthy subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes have a reduced alveolar gas exchange capacity. The NO and ET-1 can be used to assess the Vascular endothelial function. What this paper contributes to our knowledge: Regulating glycemia can improve Vascular endothelial function . This study suggests that detecting the NO and ET-1 would allow for the prediction of changes in pulmonary function during the preclinical stages of diabetic retinopathy and the degree of retinopathy in the future.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
180
The patients have diabetes without diabetic retinopathy from the diabetic outpatient
pulmonary function parameters(vital capacity,VC,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(forced vital capacity,FVC,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(forced expiratory volume in 1 second,FEV1,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(peak expiratory force,PEF,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(total lung capacity,TLC,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of lung,DLCO,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
pulmonary function parameters(diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of lung/unit volume,DLCO/VA,%)
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer. We used the ratio of measured values to the expected values, % of predicted value, to eliminate the influence of age, height, and weight. Before testing, subjects remained sitting at quiet rest for at least 30 min, pulmonary function tests were performed 3 times and the best of 3 acceptable readings was used in the analysis. Spirometry and analysis of pulmonary function were performed by trained professionals.
Time frame: one week
Vascular endothelial function(nitrogen oxide,NO,μmol /L)
NO were detected by biochemical radioimmunoassay (biochemical,μmol /L),ET-1(radioimmunoassay,μg /L) were dectcted in sugar
Time frame: one week
Vascular endothelial function(endothelin-1,ET-1,μmol /L)
ET-1 were detected by biochemical radioimmunoassay
Time frame: one week
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