Prospective Surveillance for Very Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria: \- \[1\] Cirrhosis cohort 1. Age within 30 to 75 years. 2. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis within recent 6 months. <!-- --> 1. Liver biopsy: Metavir score of 4 or Ishak score of 5 to 6. 2. No liver biopsy: Presence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal hemorrhage. 3. Satisfying equal to or more than 2 of below conditions. * Imaging studies indicating characteristics of liver cirrhosis: irregular liver surface, liver parenchyma particles or nodules, intraperitoneal collateral circulation, or varicose veins with or without splenomegaly (more than 4 cm or 5 ribs). * Platelet count \< 200 x 10\^9/L. * Alanine aminotransferase \< 5 folds of normal level and liver hardness \> 12 kPa. * Gastroesophageal varices from endoscopy or imaging studies. \[2\] HBV infection cohort 1. Age within 40 to 70 years 2. Chronic HBV infection (seropositive for HBsAg over 6 months). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Cirrhosis cohort (1) Child-Pugh score of C. (2) Hereditary metabolic liver diseases. (3) Presence of HIV-Ab. (4) Previous diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. (5) Diagnosis of malignant tumors before or during hospitalization, including but not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma. (6) Patients who had received allogeneic blood transfusion or cell therapy within 1 year. (7) Pregnant women. \[2\] HBV infection cohort (1) Autoimmune liver diseases. (2) Hereditary metabolic liver diseases. (3) Other chronic liver diseases, such as flukes. (4) Presence of HCV, HDV, HEV, or HIV infection. (5) Previous diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. (6) Diagnosis of malignant tumors before or during hospitalization, including but not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma. (7) Patients who had received allogeneic blood transfusion or cell therapy within 1 year. (8) Pregnant women.