Comparison of Combined Spinal-epidural Analgesia Versus Epidural Analgesia for Pain Management During Labor

The mode of delivery

Including spontaneous vaginal delivery, vacuum- and forceps-assisted delivery, cesarean delivery

Time frame: At the end of delivery

1 minute and 5 minutes Apgar scores

Neonatal Apgar scores at the first and fifth minute.The score indicates the infant s' conditions, including heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflex response, color. Each characteristic is given an individual score; two points for each of the five categories if all is completely well; then all scores are totaled. The score is from 0 to 10.

Time frame: 1 min after delivery, 5 min after delivery.

Visual Analogue Scores(VAS)

VAS is the most common pain scale for quantification. The score is higher, the patient will be more painful. That will indicate if the analgesia is effective. Visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 (with 10 representing the worst pain imaginable) to measure the degree of pain for participants.

Time frame: At 5min before analgesia; at 5min, 15min, 30min, 1h after the first dose of analgesic drugs； at cervical dilation of 3cm , 6cm and 10cm; at the time of birth of infant; at the time of delivery of placenta.

Modified Bromage scores

The modified Bromage score is the most frequently used measure of motor block. In this scale, the intensity of motor block is assessed by the patient's ability to move their lower extremities(0: no motor paralysis; 1: inability to raise extended leg, but able to move knee and foot; 2: inability to raise extended leg and to move knee, but able to move foot; 3: inability to raise extended leg or to move knee and foot).

Time frame: At 5min before analgesia; at 5min, 15min, 30min, 1h after the first dose of analgesic drugs； at the cervical dilation of 3cm , 6cm and 10cm; at the time of birth of infant; at the time of delivery of placenta.