The aging of skin, especially that of the scalp, is a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors secondary to the chronic sun exposure. For men with an alopecia genetic (= bald men), the solar part, in skin aging process, is major. The helio-dermal scalp is frequently the site of cancers mainly after 65 years. Objectives are to identify specific biomarkers involved in the photo-aging of the alopecic scalp
Investigators can also hope to understand and to explain the inter-individual inequality of the aging of skin. They can hope to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms between photo-induced skin aging and photo-induced carcinogenesis. Investigators propose to study 40 male patients aged 65 and over in order to compare the state of aging of their scalp skin in the alopecic zone : not hairy photo-exposed (= ZH sun damage zone) versus occipital hair zone protected photo (= ZT control zone). Patients will be recruited in the dermatology department of the St-Etienne University Hospital who will benefit from the removal of a scalp tumour in the alopecic zone. This study aims to identify biological markers, by transcriptomic analysis, associated with aging of the scalp, by comparing for each patient the skin of the scalp exposed to the light ("ZH") to an unexposed witness skin ("ZT"). The study will include : * examinations to characterize components of the scalp: transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies, and a swab sampling will identify the cutaneous microflora of the scalp * noninvasive examinations, in vivo
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
1
Biopsy 4 to 5 mm from the distal part of the tips of the excision pieces. Three biopsies of 3 mm, made with punch, occipital hair zone (ZT) A completely painless sample, using a swab (soaked with a buffer solution) on the scalp of the ZH and ZT zone.
Blood sample will be collected for performed for HIV serology, B and C hepatitis.
Questionnaire on sun exposure will be completed by patients.
Chu de Saint Etienne
Saint-Etienne, France
Scalp skin biomarkers
Comparison of scalp skin biomarkers. It's compare cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cellular pigmentation, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, aging and cellular senescence, extracellular matrix, antioxidant activity and inflammation.
Time frame: at the surgery (about 28 days after the inclusion)
Differential expression profile of proteomic biomarkers
The profile will be evaluated by relative quantification results of proteomic analyzes by a Shot-Gun Label-Free strategy.
Time frame: 28 days
Data of thickness measurements of the 3 layers of the skin
Data will be examined by OCT examination (Optical Coherent Tomography): measuring the intensity of the dermis shine and the thickness of the epidermis.
Time frame: 28 days
scalp microflora
Microflora will be evaluated by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) of the V1-V3 region of the ribosomal RNA (bacteria) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (eukaryotes: yeasts) and evaluation of the amount of P. acnes of the scalp by quantitative RT-PCR of the lipase A gene.
Time frame: 28 days
Percentage of anisotropy of the tensile forces of the skin
This percentage will be evaluated by silicone casts
Time frame: 28 days
histology
Skin aging is evaluated by histological examination: optical and biophotonic microscopy, semi-quantitative measurements of extracellular matrix markers such as collagens and elastin.
Time frame: 28 days
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A complete examination of the scalp will be completed by dermatologist.
Norwood scale measure the evolution of baldness. It will be completed by dermatologist.
Questionnaire of clinicals signs will be completed by dermatologist and patient.
It's a assessment score of skin aging. It will be completed by dermatologist.
Questionnaire of the history of the hair loss will be completed by dermatologist and patient.
Heterogeneity of pigmentation
Heterogeneity of pigmentation will be measured using a numerical index (0 to 100) of heterogeneity, using data from dermatoscopic images.
Time frame: 28 days
Scinexa score (SCore for INtrinsic and EXtrinsic skin Aging)
The aging of the skin is evaluated by a semi-quantitative composite of 23 clinical variables : the scinexa score The global SCINEXA score (from 0 to 69. 0 = no skin aging and 69 = severe skin aging ) was obtained by adding the scores of each variable from 0 to 3. 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe.
Time frame: 28 days
The measurement of the thickness of the dermis
ultrasound examination: measurement in mm of the thickness of the dermis and the hypodermis
Time frame: 28 days
The measurement of the morphology of the dermal junction epidermis
examination in MCIV: measurement of the morphology of the dermal junction epidermis by semi-quantitative in vivo confocal microscopy
Time frame: 28 days
Solar exposure score
Solar exposure score : to assess in different periods 1. period of 10 to 17 years old 2. period of 18 to 40 years old 3. period of 41 to 60 years old 4. period since 61 years old Each period contains same questions. Each item being rated in 5 answer choice from 1 to 5 (never, rarely, sometimes, often or very often) and two questions concern the zone where the patient live.
Time frame: 28 days
Norwood's scale
The Norwood Scale is a set of images that depict the different stages of male pattern hair loss. The Norwood scale is composed of 12 images. Each image corresponds to one level. There is 7 levels (I , II, II A, III, III vertex, III A, IV, IVA, V, VA, VI, VII) Type I. Minimal hair loss. Type VII. The most severe form of hair loss. Little hair on the front or top of the head.
Time frame: 28 days