ArcticLine Feasibility Study

Inclusion Criteria: * Documentation of symptomatic persistent AF: * Defined as having a continuous episode that is sustained beyond 7 days documented via consecutive ECG recordings, or * Defined as having a continuous episode that is sustained beyond 7 days documented by an ECG recording and one doctor note indicating the patient had symptoms consistent with AF * Age 18 through 80 years old * Failure or intolerance of at least one Class I or III antiarrhythmic drug * Subject is able and willing to consent to participate in the study and will commit to completion of all follow-up requirements Exclusion Criteria: * Longstanding persistent AF, defined as continuous AF greater than 12 month duration * Left atrial diameter greater than 5.0 cm * Active systemic infection * History of thromboembolic event within the past 6 months or evidence of intracardiac thrombus at the time of the procedure * Prior left atrial ablation attempt, with exception of: * Any pulmonary vein isolation attempt to treat AF, or * Successful ablation to treat Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome * History of left atrial tachycardia * History of cardiac ablation within 90 days of planned clinical study procedure * Planned concomitant ventricular ablation * Cryoglobulinemia * Structural heart disease of clinical significance including: * NYHA Class IV Heart Failure * Diagnosed with NYHA Class III Heart Failure for more than six months at time of the study ablation procedure * LVEF less than 35% * Any cardiac surgery (e.g. CABG) within 3 months of the ablation procedure * Any mechanical heart valve, prior aortic or tricuspid valve replacement (e.g. valvotomy, valve replacement), or tricuspid valve repair * Severe mitral valve regurgitation or stenosis * Significant congenital anomaly or anatomy unable to accommodate device * Prior surgical maze procedure * Unstable angina * Myocardial infarction within 3 months of the ablation procedure * Presence of primum or secundum atrial septal defect * Anomalous pulmonary venous return * Prior surgery for congenital heart disease, including atrial septal defect repair * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with LV septal wall thickness \>1.5 cm * Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism * Thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia (including history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) * Severe comorbidity or poor general physical/mental health that, in the opinion of the investigator, will not allow the subject to be a good study candidate * History of blood clotting or bleeding abnormalities * Contraindication to all anticoagulation (e.g. novel oral anticoagulants, heparin or warfarin) * Pregnant, nursing or planning to become pregnant during study duration * Enrollment in another clinical trial without prior approval from Medtronic * Presence or use of left atrial appendage closure device * Presence of or planned implantation of a pacemaker, implantable cardiac defibrillator, implantable loop recorder or cardiac resynchronization device with permanent lead placement * Pre-existing hemidiaphragmatic paralysis * Life expectancy less than one year * Known drug or alcohol dependency * Existing pulmonary vein stent(s)