LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) and psilocybin (the active substance in "magic mushrooms") are widely used for recreational purposes. Both substances are also increasingly used in psychiatric and psychological research to induce and investigate alterations in waking consciousness and associated brain functions (functional brain imaging, "model psychosis") . However, it has never been studied whether there are differences in the alterations in mind produced by these two substances. Both LSD and psilocybin are thought to induce hallucinations primarily via stimulation of the 5-HT2A receptor. However, there are differences in the receptor activation profiles between the two substances that may also induce different subjective effects. LSD potently stimulates the 5-HT2A receptor but also 5-HT2B/C, 5-HT1 and D1-3 receptors . Psilocin (the active metabolite of the prodrug psilocybin) also stimulates the 5-HT2A receptor but additionally inhibits the 5-HT transporter. In contrast to LSD, psilocybin has no affinity for D2 receptors. Both substances are used in neuroscience as pharmacological tools. However, there are no modern studies comparing these two substances directly within the same clinical study and research subjects and using validated psychometric tools. Therefore, the investigators will compare the acute effects of LSD, psilocybin and placebo.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
28
LSD 0.1 mg per os, single dose
LSD 0.2 mg per os, single dose
Psilocybin 15 mg per os, single dose
Psilocybin 30 mg per os, single dose
Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel
Basel, Switzerland
Altered states of consciousness
total 5D-ASC score (5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale)
Time frame: 18 Months
Subjective effects assessed by VAS
VAS (Visual analog scale)
Time frame: 18 Months
Subjective effects assessed by AMRS scales
AMRS scales (Adjective mood Rating scale)
Time frame: 18 Months
Psychotomimetic effects
ESI (Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory)
Time frame: 18 Months
Mystical-type experiences assessed by SCQ
SCQ (States of consciousness questionnaire)
Time frame: 18 Months
Mystical-type experiences assessed by MS scales
MS scales (Mysticism scale)
Time frame: 18 Months
Effects on emotion processing
FERT (Face Emotion Recognition Task)
Time frame: 18 Months
Autonomic effects assessed by heart rate
Heart rate
Time frame: 18 Months
Autonomic effects assessed by blood pressure
Blood pressure (diastolic and systolic)
Time frame: 18 Months
Autonomic effects assessed by body temperature
Body temperature
Time frame: 18 Months
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