The purpose of this ancillary study is to examine cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive factors related to appetite, and objectively-measured food intake in a subsample of children and adolescents with overweight to severe obesity enrolled in the TIGER Kids prospective cohort. The primary study also collects data on habitual physical and sedentary activity, body weight and body composition, and cardiometabolic health markers.
The investigators will enroll 30 boys and girls (50% female) between the ages of 10-16 years and above the 85th BMI percentile (i.e., overweight to severe obesity) in this pilot ancillary study. The objective is to examine interactions between the following energy-balance related factors: 1. Ad libitum post-exercise food intake 2. Cognitive factors, including inhibitory control, food wanting, and motivation for food 3. Exercise-related factors, including cardiorespiratory fitness, substrate utilization (carbohydrate versus fat), and perceived exertion 4. Habitual physical and sedentary activity 5. Body composition and cardiometabolic health The prospective, longitudinal nature of the study will allow the investigators to examine these variables cross-sectionally and quantify change over two years. Of particular interest is whether cognitive factors related to energy balance, including perceived exertion, inhibitory control, food wanting, and food motivation, vary across time or are relatively stable. Finally, the investigators will assess the ability of these factors to predict changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health over two years.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
30
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Baseline cardiorespiratory fitness
Cardiorespiratory fitness, or VO2peak in mL/kg/min, is measured using a graded cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue.
Time frame: Year 0
Change in cardiorespiratory fitness over 2 years
Cardiorespiratory fitness, or VO2peak in mL/kg/min, is measured using a graded cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue.
Time frame: Year 0 and Year 2
Baseline energy intake
Ad libitum energy intake in kilocalories is measured using a in-laboratory dinner test-meal. Participants can eat as much or as little as they would like from the available food, which is provided in excess of energy needs.
Time frame: Year 0
Change in energy intake over 2 years
Ad libitum energy intake in kilocalories is measured using a in-laboratory dinner test-meal. Participants can eat as much or as little as they would like from the available food, which is provided in excess of energy needs.
Time frame: Year 0 and Year 2
Baseline inhibitory control
Inhibitory control is measured using a Go/No-go behavioral task administered on a computer. Errors, false alarms, and reaction times are collected for various conditions: baseline, food rewards (favorite snack and least favorite snack from a selected list of options) and neutral control (unrewarded).
Time frame: Year 0
Change in inhibitory control over 2 years
Inhibitory control is measured using a Go/No-go behavioral task administered on a computer. Errors, false alarms, and reaction times are collected for various conditions: baseline, food rewards (favorite snack and least favorite snack from a selected list of options) and neutral control (unrewarded).
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Time frame: Year 0 and Year 2
Baseline Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2)
The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) consists of three appetite-related subscales: Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Uncontrolled Eating. Subscales are scored on a range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct.
Time frame: Year 0
Change in Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) over 2 years
The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) consists of three appetite-related subscales: Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Uncontrolled Eating. Subscales are scored on a range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct.
Time frame: Year 0 and Year 2
Baseline appetite-related Visual Analog Scales (VAS)
The following constructs are measured before and after the fitness test and before and after the dinner test-meal: Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, satisfaction, and wanting for specific foods (age-appropriate and commonly consumed foods for this population). VAS scores range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct.
Time frame: Year 0
Change in appetite-related Visual Analog Scales (VAS) over 2 years
The following constructs are measured before and after the fitness test and before and after the dinner test-meal: Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, satisfaction, and wanting for specific foods (age-appropriate and commonly consumed foods for this population). VAS scores range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct.
Time frame: Year 0 and Year 2