Measuring Neuroadaptations in Response to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes

Inclusion Criteria: * 21-60 years old * Smoke \>5 cigarettes per day * \>1 year of daily smoking * No quit attempt in prior month and not planning to quit smoking within next 3 months * Able to understand and consent to study procedures * High school or lower educational attainment or annual household income \< $50,000 * Plan to live in local area next 3 months * Women not pregnant or nursing and taking steps to avoid pregnancy * Able to read and write in English * Access to computer with internet service that allows for Zoom Exclusion Criteria: * Use of non-cigarette tobacco products in the past 7 days * Use of illicit substances more than once a week in the past 3 months (excluding marijuana) * Current alcohol abuse impairing participation * MRI safety contraindications (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia) * Unstable or significant medical conditions (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, coronary heart disease) * Major neurological conditions or brain trauma * Major surgeries planned in next 3 months * Use of smoking cessation medication in prior month (e.g., varenicline, patch) * Uncontrolled serious mental illness, suicidality, or inpatient psychiatric hospitalization in the past 6 months * Unwillingness to provide urine samples * Unwilling to smoke study assigned cigarettes for the remainder of the trial * Plans to move or take extended travel out of the area in the next 3 months * Any other condition or situation that would, in the investigator's opinion, make it unlikely that the participant could comply with the study protocol * Self-reported color blindness * Left-handedness * Smell dysfunction as determined via standardized assessment