Participants with chronic orofacial pain caused by masticatory and neck muscles will be distributed in two groups, both followed with the same occlusal and self-care treatment. The experimental group will receive 5 sessions of physiotherapy applying a specific pressure on the trigger points while the control group will receive placebo through a simulation of the same technique. Orofacial perceived pain, pain pressure thresholds, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, cervical disability, depression and anxiety will be evaluated at baseline, immediately after treatment and 3 months later.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
74
A specific pressure is applied on trigger points of masticatory and neck muscles between pain pressure threshold and pain tolerance (7-8 visual analog scale).
A simulated pressure release technique is applied around masticatory and neck muscles.
Odontology Faculty. Complutense University of Madrid
Madrid, Spain
Changes of Perceived Pain Between Three Time Points (Baseline, Post-treatment, and 3 Months Later) and Between Groups (Sham Simulation and Pressure Release Technique)
The Visual Analogue Scale (0-10) was used, 0 representing no pain/better outcome, and 10 representing unbearable pain/worst outcome. the clinical minimum relevance outcome is at least a change of 1.2 points in the scale.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes of Pain Pressure Thresholds Anterior Temporalis
An algometer Wagner Force One FDX 50 was used, measured in kgf/cm\^2, with 0 representing the lowest pain pressure threshold/worst outcome and as higher pain pressure threshold/ as a better outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Range of the Opening of the Mouth
A calibrator Dentaurum München was used, measured in millimetres, with 0 representing no opening/worst outcome and as higher values/as a better outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Neck Disability
The Neck Disability Index was used (0-50), with 0 representing no disability neck/best outcome and 50 maximum disability neck/worst outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Kinesiophobia
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia -11 was used (0-44), with 0 representing no kinesiophobia/best outcome and 44 representing the highest level of kinesiphobia/worst outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Catastrophizing
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used (0-52), with 0 representing no catastrophizing/best outcome and 52 representing the highest level of catastrophizing/worst outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the State Anxiety
The State-Trait Anxiety Index was used, lower values represent a better outcome. State and Trait were evaluated individually, range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, with 20 representing no state anxiety/best outcome and 80 representing the highest level of state anxiety/worst outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the State Depression
The State-Trait Depression Inventory was used, lower values represent a better outcome. State and Trait were evaluated individually, range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, with 20 representing no state depression/best outcome and 80 representing the highest level of state depression/worst outcome
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Trait Anxiety
The State-Trait Anxiety Index was used, lower values represent a better outcome. State and Trait were evaluated individually, range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, with 20 representing no trait anxiety/best outcome and 80 representing the highest level of trait anxiety/worst outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes in the Trait Depression
The State-Trait Depression Inventory was used, lower values represent a better outcome. State and Trait were evaluated individually, range of scores for each subtest is 20-80, with 20 representing no Trait Depression/best outcome and 80 representing the highest level of Trait Depression/worst outcome
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes of Pain Pressure Thresholds Upper Trapezius
An algometer Wagner Force One FDX 50 was used, measured in kgf/cm\^2, with 0 representing the lowest pain pressure threshold/worst outcome and as higher pain pressure threshold/ as a better outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes of Pain Pressure Thresholds Sternal Sternocleidomastoid
An algometer Wagner Force One FDX 50 was used, measured in kgf/cm\^2, with 0 representing the lowest pain pressure threshold/worst outcome and as higher pain pressure threshold/ as a better outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
Changes of Pain Pressure Thresholds Superficial Masseter
An algometer Wagner Force One FDX 50 was used, measured in kgf/cm\^2, with 0 representing the lowest pain pressure threshold/worst outcome and as higher pain pressure threshold/ as a better outcome.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the scale at post-treatment and at 3 months later
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