The rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) is commonly used as a spice and for its medicinal properties traditionally in Asian countries. Turmeric extract usually contains 95% curcuminoids with a specific ratio (approximately 75-80% curcumin, 15-20% demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and 0-10% bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)). Curcuminoids have higher solubility in organic solvents than in water. As a consequence, curcuminoids have low aqueous solubility and poor gastrointestinal absorption. They also exhibit rapid metabolism and systemic elimination and are therefore known to have limited bioavailability, which limits the use of turmeric extract in general health care and as an adjunct in managing various diseases. In order to improve the bioavailability of curcumin, several approaches have been undertaken. The use of adjuvant like piperine that interferes with glucuronidation; liposomal curcumin, nanoparticles, phospholipid complex; and structural analogues of curcumin. Recently, Naturex has developed a dried emulsion formulation using a turmeric extract mixed together with a quillaja extract, sunflower oil and arabic gum. This formulation is highly dispersible in water and should therefore improve the bioavailability of curcuminoids. The aim of this study is to assess the bioavailability of curcuminoids and their metabolites after oral intake of 4 turmeric extract-based formulations in comparison to a standard unformulated turmeric extract.
The rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) is commonly used as a spice and for its medicinal proprieties traditionally in Asian countries. Turmeric has been studying in different therapeutic areas. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (respiratory system, joints and digestive), antimutagenic, antimicrobial, neurological disease, hepatoprotective and anticancer properties are supported by in vitro and in vivo data. Curcumin has been studied as the main bioactive component of turmeric associated to its potential health effect. However, besides curcumin, others components have been identified (demethoxycurcumin DMC and bisdemethoxycurcumin BDMC); this group of coumpounds are named together "curcuminoids". Curcuminoids are natural yellow-orange pigments and hydrophobic polyphenols derived from the rhizome of the herb Curcuma longa. They are commonly isolated from the spice and food-coloring agent turmeric. Extracts of turmeric generally contain 75-80% curcumin, 15-20% DMC, and 0-10% BDMC. Regarding the intrinsic property, curcuminoids have higher solubility in organic solvents than in water. As a consequence, curcuminoids have low aqueous solubility and poor gastrointestinal absorption. They also exhibit rapid metabolism and systemic elimination. This leads to the conclusion that curcuminoids from turmeric extract have low bioavailability, which limits its use in general health care and as an adjunct in managing various diseases. In order to improve the bioavailability of curcumin, several approaches have been undertaken. The use of adjuvant like piperine that interferes with glucuronidation; liposomal curcumin, nanoparticles, phospholipid complex; and structural analogues of curcumin. Recently, Naturex has developed a dried emulsion formulation using a turmeric extract mixed together with a quillaja extract, sunflower oil and arabic gum. This formulation is highly dispersible in water and should therefore improve the bioavailability of curcuminoids. The aim of this study is to assess the bioavailability of curcuminoids and their metabolites after oral intake of 4 turmeric extract-based formulations in comparison to a standard unformulated turmeric extract.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
30
Turmipure GOLD™ 30% curcuminoids (300 mg)
Standard turmeric powder extract 95% curcuminoids (1500 mg)
Novasol® Liquid micellar formulation 6% curcuminoids (1000 mg)
Meriva® Turmeric Phytosome formulation 20% curcuminoids (1000 mg)
Turmeric extract C3 complex® 95% curcuminoids (1500mg) + BioPerine® 95% piperine (15 mg)
Biofortis Mérieux NutriSciences
Saint-Herblain, France
Dose-normalized AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration
The primary endpoint is the dose-normalized AUC of total curcuminoids (sum of curcumin, DMC, BDMC and their metabolites) plasmatic concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h/dose) (expressed in µg.h/mL/mg). The dose-normalized AUC is the AUC normalized to curcuminoids intake by dividing the observed AUC by the corresponding curcuminoids dosage of each administration The following time-points are considered: T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T90, T120, T240, T60, T480, T24H. T-10 will be considered as baseline value (T0) for AUC calculation. The primary comparison is Turmipure Gold 300 mg vs Standard turmeric 1500 mg powder extract.
Time frame: from 0 to 24 hours
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 24 hours
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 24 hours
AUC of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 24 hours
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration normalized to curcuminoids intake
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration from 0 to 8 hours normalized to curcuminoids intake (AUC0-8h/dose, expressed in µg.h/mL/mg);
Time frame: from 0 to 8 hours
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration from 0 to 8 hours (AUC0-8h) (expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 8 hours
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations from 0 to 8 hours (AUC0-8h, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 8 hours
AUC of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations from 0 to 8 hours (AUC0-8h, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to 8 hours
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration normalized to curcuminoids intake
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration from 0 to infinity normalized to curcuminoids intake (AUC0-infinity/dose, expressed in µg.h/mL/mg);
Time frame: from 0 to infinity
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration
AUC of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration from 0 to infinity (AUC0-infinity, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to infinity
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations from 0 to infinity (AUC0-infinity, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to infinity
AUC of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations
AUC of curcuminoidsmetabolites plasmatic concentrations from 0 to infinity (AUC0-infinity, expressed in µg.h/mL);
Time frame: from 0 to infinity
Peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration normalized to curcuminoids intake
Peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration normalized to curcuminoids intake (Cmax/dose, expressed in µg/mL/mg);
Time frame: 24hours
Peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration
Peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration (Cmax, expressed in µg/mL);
Time frame: 24hours
Peak of curcuminoids separately plasmatic concentrations
Peak of curcuminoids separately plasmatic concentrations (Cmax, expressed in µg/mL);
Time frame: 24hours
Peak of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations
Peak of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations (Cmax, expressed in µg/mL);
Time frame: 24hours
Half-life of total curcuminoids in plasma
Half-life of total curcuminoids in plasma (t1/2, expressed in minutes);
Time frame: 24hours
Half-life of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) in plasma
Half-life of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) in plasma (t1/2, expressed in minutes);
Time frame: 24hours
Half-life of curcuminoids metabolites in plasma
Half-life of curcuminoids metabolites in plasma (t1/2, expressed in minutes);
Time frame: 24hours
Terminal elimination rate constant of total curcuminoids in plasma (λz)
Terminal elimination rate constant of total curcuminoids in plasma (λz);
Time frame: 24hours
Terminal elimination rate constant curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) in plasma (λz)
Terminal elimination rate constant curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) in plasma (λz);
Time frame: 24hours
Terminal elimination rate constant curcuminoids metabolites in plasma (λz)
Terminal elimination rate constant curcuminoids metabolites in plasma (λz);
Time frame: 24hours
Time to peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentrations
Time to peak of total curcuminoids plasmatic concentration in plasma (Tmax, expressed in minutes)
Time frame: 24hours
Time to peak of curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) plasmatic concentrations
Time to peak of plasmatic concentrations curcuminoids separately (curcumin, DMC, BDMC) in plasma (Tmax, expressed in minutes);
Time frame: 24hours
Time to peak of curcuminoids metabolites plasmatic concentrations
Time to peak of plasmatic concentrations curcuminoids metabolites in plasma (Tmax, expressed in minutes);
Time frame: 24hours
Relative bioavailability
Relative bioavailability from 0 to 24 hours defined as the ratio of dose-normalized AUC0-24h of total curcuminoids for the different tested formulation to the dose-normalized AUC0-24h obtained for the reference product (turmeric extract 95% curcuminoids).
Time frame: from 0 to 24 hours
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