Phase 4 Comparative Trial of Benzathine Penicillin G for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Subjects With or Without HIV Infection

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)249 enrolled

Overview

This is a phase 4, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy of a single injected dose of Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) 2.4 MU (Arm 1) compared to three successive weekly injected doses of BPG 2.4 MU (Arm 2) for treatment of early syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects. The study will enroll 560 adults (to achieve 420 evaluable subjects) aged 18 years or older with untreated early syphilis (primary, secondary, or early latent). It will be conducted at 9 sites in the US and last for 48 months with patient participation duration of 12 months. The primary objective is to compare the serological response to therapy in subjects with early (primary, secondary, or early latent) syphilis treated with Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) 2.4 million units (MU) once or weekly for three successive weeks. The secondary objectives are: 1) to determine if the difference in response to therapy between treatment arms by Month 6 differs among subjects with or without HIV infection; 2) to determine the impact of multiple BPG injected doses on subject compliance with study product and adherence to the corresponding scheduled visits; 3) to determine the incidence and manifestations of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction among subjects treated for early syphilis with BPG; 4) to collect prospective data up to Month 12 on the serological response to therapy in subjects treated for early syphilis with either BPG regimen; 5) to compare epidemiological characteristics of early syphilis among subjects with or without HIV infection.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 99 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Subject is aged 18 years or older. 2. Subject has provided informed consent. 3. Subject has untreated primary\*, secondary\*\*, or early latent\*\*\* syphilis. \*Primary syphilis is characterized by the presence of an ulcerative lesion at a potential site of inoculation (while classically solitary, shallow, painless and with an indurated, clean base, primary lesions may be multiple, may vary considerably in appearance, and/or may not be painless) or by darkfield, acceptable polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or direct fluorescence antibody-T. pallidum (DFA-TP) positive ulcers. \*\*Secondary syphilis is characterized by classical palmar/plantar rash, condylomata lata, mucous patches, etc. or by darkfield, acceptable PCR, or DFA-TP positive lesions. \*\*\*Early latent syphilis is characterized by current reactive serologic tests for syphilis (STS) and a documented non-reactive STS, or documented sexual exposure to an individual known to have primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis diagnosed within the last 12 months. 4. Subject either has a newly reactive non-treponemal test (such as an RPR test) or a history of syphilis and a current increase in RPR titer of two or more dilutions (i.e., four-fold). 5. If subject is of childbearing potential, subject has a negative urine or serum pregnancy test. 6. Subject is willing to have an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test, participate in HIV counseling, and return to clinic for follow-up. 7. In the opinion of the investigator, subject is able and willing to comply with study procedures, including receipt of three Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) injected doses if randomized to Arm 2. 8. If female, subject must be of non-childbearing potential\* or must be using an acceptable method of birth control\*\* to avoid becoming pregnant. * Non-childbearing potential is defined as being post-menopausal for at least 1 year, status after bilateral tubal ligation, or status after bilateral oophorectomy, or status after hysterectomy. * Subject must agree to avoid becoming pregnant by using one of the following acceptable methods of birth control for the entire duration of participation in the trial: * Intrauterine contraceptive device; OR * Oral contraceptives; OR * Hormonal injections; OR * Hormonal implants; OR * Contraceptive patches; OR * Monogamous relationship with vasectomized partner; OR * Exclusively same-sex relationships; OR * Use of condoms by the male partner; OR * Abstinence Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subject previously enrolled in this trial. 2. Subject has latent syphilis of unknown duration, late latent syphilis, or evidence of neurosyphilis, including ocular syphilis.\* \*e.g., eye pain/redness, recent ocular change, and/or changes in visual acuity 3. Subject has a known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Subject has a known or suspected sexually transmitted infection (STI) other than syphilis requiring treatment with a drug active against T. pallidum. 5. Subject has used antibiotics\* active against T. pallidum in the preceding 30 days. \*Note: the use of antimicrobials known to NOT be effective against T. pallidum (e.g., quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, metronidazole, spectinomycin) will be allowed. 6. Subject has suspected or known ongoing drug use that might interfere with study participation and follow-up treatment. 7. Subject is breastfeeding. 8. Subject has used an investigational drug in the past 30 days that might interfere with safety or efficacy assessment. \*If the subject has used any investigational drugs in the past 30 days, contact the Principal Investigator, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) Clinical Project Manager, DMID Medical Officer, and FHI 360 to confirm eligibility. 9. Subject has any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with participation in the study.

Locations (10)

University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine - Infectious Disease

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Emory University Hospital Midtown - Emory Clinic Infectious Diseases

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Indiana University School of Medicine - Infectious Diseases

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center - Infectious Diseases

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Fenway Health - The Fenway Institute

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

University of North Carolina School of Medicine - Center for Infectious Diseases

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Wake Forest Baptist Health - Infectious Diseases

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Magee Women's Hospital of UPMC - Reproductive Infectious Disease Research

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

University of Washington - Harborview Medical Center - Center for AIDS and STD

Seattle, Washington, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

The Number of Participants With a Serological Response by Month 6.

Serological response to therapy by Month 6 was defined as follows, where available rapid plasma reagin (RPR) results from all visits prior to the end of the Month 6 visit window (i.e., scheduled visits up to and including the Month 6 visit, early termination visit, or any unscheduled visit that occurred prior to the end of month 6 visit window) were evaluated: * 4-fold or greater decline in RPR titer at any visit prior to the end of the Month 6 visit window compared to baseline, OR * RPR-negative at any visit prior to the end of the Month 6 visit window (i.e., seroreversion).

Time frame: Day 1 to Day 180

Secondary Outcomes

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Baseline Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Gender identity, sexual orientation, sexual partner, sex history in last 60 days

Time frame: Day 1

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Baseline Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history in last 60 days

Time frame: Day 1

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Socio-epidemiologic Characteristics at Baseline Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Highest level of education completed, stage of syphilis, prior syphilis history

Time frame: Day 1

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Socio-epidemiologic Characterictics at Baseline Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Years of formal education

Time frame: Day 1

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Participant Baseline Demographics Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex, Ethnicity, Race

Time frame: Day 1

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Participant Baseline Demographics Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Age

Time frame: Day 1

The Number of Participants Who Receive All Assigned Doses Within the Assigned Visit Windows

Compliance with study product will be defined as the participant received all assigned doses within the assigned visit windows. A participant is not adherent to study product if they miss at least one dose or receive at least one dose out of the visit window.

Time frame: Through Month 12

The Number of Participants Who Report Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction Manifestations

Approximately 24 hours after Visit 1, participants were contacted and evaluated for symptoms of a JHR, which included fever, chills, myalgia, weakness, flushing, worsening of skin rash, tachycardia, heart palpitations, arthralgia, nausea, headache, and dizziness, including time of onset and time of resolution of each symptom reported.

Time frame: Day 1 through Day 2

Number of Participants With Serological Response by Month 6 Among Participants With or Without HIV Infection

Time frame: Day 1 to Day 180

Number of Participants With Serological Response (Defined as Either a 4-fold or Greater Decline in Rapid Plasma Regain (RPR) Titer Compared to Baseline or Being Rapid Plasma Regain -Negative [Seroreversion]) by Month 12.

Serological response to therapy by Month 12 was defined as follows, where available rapid plasma reagin (RPR) results from all visits prior to the end of the Month 12 visit window (i.e., scheduled visits up to and including the Month 12 visit, early termination visit, or any unscheduled visit that occurred prior to the end of month 12 visit window) were evaluated: * 4-fold or greater decline in RPR titer at any visit prior to the end of the Month 12 visit window compared to baseline, OR * RPR-negative at any visit prior to the end of the Month 12 visit window (i.e., seroreversion).

Time frame: Through month 12

Number of Participants With Serological Response by Month 12 Among Subjects With or Without HIV Infection

Serological response to therapy by Month 12 was defined as follows, where available rapid plasma reagin (RPR) results from all visits prior to the end of the Month 12 visit window (i.e., scheduled visits up to and including the Month 12 visit, early termination visit, or any unscheduled visit that occurred prior to the end of month 6 visit window) were evaluated: * 4-fold or greater decline in RPR titer at any visit prior to the end of the Month 12 visit window compared to baseline, OR * RPR-negative at any visit prior to the end of the Month 12visit window (i.e., seroreversion). Serological response to therapy by Month 12 was examined among participants with and without HIV infection,

Time frame: Through month 12

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Week 1 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through week 1

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Week 2 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through week 2

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 1 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through month 1

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 3 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through month 3

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 6 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through month 6

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 9 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through month 9

Categorical Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 12 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit.

Time frame: Through month 12

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Week 1 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through week 1

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Week 2 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through week 2

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 1 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through month 1

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 3 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through month 3

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 6 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through month 6

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 9 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through month 9

Continuous Descriptive Statistics of Sexual History at Month 12 Collected Via a Study-specific Questionnaire

Sex history since last visit

Time frame: Through month 12

Phase 4 Comparative Trial of Benzathine Penicillin G for Treatment of Early Syphilis in Subjects With or Without HIV Infection

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (10)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes