Incidence of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Medical and Trauma Patients

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Spontaneously breathing adults 18 to 89 years of age 2. English speaking 3. Receiving PCA or nurse administered IV opioids for medical or trauma-related pain 4. Admitted to the general care floor from the emergency department Exclusion Criteria: 1. Less than 18 or greater than 89 years of age 2. Transfer to the general care floor from the Intensive Care Unit 3. Receiving intrathecal or epidural opioids 4. Inability or unwillingness to wear the etCO2 sampling line nasal cannula or pulse oximetry sensor 5. History or diagnosis of a sleep disordered breathing syndrome 6. Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or (CPAP) or Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BIPAP) non-invasive ventilation as home regime 7. Receiving non-invasive ventilation 8. Presence of a co-morbidity that impacts respiration or ventilation (e.g Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Pulmonary Fibrosis) 9. Unwilling or unable to participate 10. Member of a vulnerable population such as pregnant women or prisoners.