Apatinib in Recurrent or Refractory Intracranial Central Nervous System Malignant Tumors

Inclusion Criteria: * (1) 18 years \< the age of patients \> 70 years. (2) Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) ≥ 60. (2) Histologically confirmed diagnosis of GBM World Health Organization \[WHO\] Grade IV. (3) They were required to have measurable or evaluable disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmation and a minimum life expectancy of 8 weeks. (4) Definition of relapse: all patients must have progressive disease on MRI defined by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria after the standard Stupp protocol. The time interval for the start of treatment was at least 12 weeks from prior radiotherapy unless there was either histopathologic confirmation of recurrent tumor or new contrast enhancement on MRI outside of the radiotherapy treatment field. (5) Adequate bone marrow function (leukocyte count ≥ 4000/μL, neutrophil count ≥1500/µL, platelet count ≥100 000/µL, hemoglobin ≥8.0g/dL), adequate renal function (serum creatinine ≤ 150μmol/L, 24 hours urine protein ≤3.4g), and liver function (total bilirubin ≤34μmol/L and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase ≤120U/L). Exclusion Criteria: * (1) extracranial metastatic disease, (2) Gliadel wafer treatment, (3) severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency, (4) status epilepticus, (5) pregnancy, (6) gastrointestinal bleeding, (7) uncontrolled blood pressure with medication (\>140/90 mm Hg), (8) swallowing difficulties. (9) HIV positivity with a combination antiretroviral therapy.