The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous low dose ketamine infusion versus morphine infusion analgesia for pain reduction in Abdominoplasty surgery
Abdominoplasty is considered one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures. According to statistics from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, a total of 758,590 abdominoplasties were performed in the world in 2016. This is an increase of 72.95% in comparison with 2011, making it the fourth most common cosmetic procedure. Given the increasing number of abdominoplasties performed, the importance of understanding the possible complications and morbidity associated with the procedure is critical. One of these complications is the postoperative pain. With adequate postoperative pain control, the patients met discharge criteria sooner and this helps in shortening the hospital stay, better overall patient satisfaction, and decreased hospital costs. Therefore, the severity of this problem and the all drug agent used to prevent and treat postoperative pain best interest to be aware in the anesthesiologists. Traditionally, analgesia for abdominal wall surgery is provided either by systemic drugs such as opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, alpha 2 agonists and paracetamol or by epidural analgesia. However, Opioids, such as morphine or fentanyl, remain the mainstay of postoperative analgesic regimens for patients after abdominal wall surgery. The pain is not always fully relieved by such agents, and often patients develop tolerance to them. The ever-increasing doses of opioids are clearly not without their adverse effects. (5) For this Alternative approaches, which reduce the requirement for strong opioids post-operative, are required. Recently, interest has focused on the use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for the management of postoperative pain. Ketamine exerts its main analgesic effect by antagonism of NMDA receptors that not only abolishes peripheral afferent noxious stimulation, but it may also prevent central sensitization of nociceptors as shown in animal studies with the excellent analgesic property even in subanesthetic doses. (6) Various recently published studies have talked about the analgesic effect of low-dose ketamine (7,8) however, all of this study are relatively short procedure time, reduced surgical stimulation and small sample size. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous low dose ketamine infusion versus morphine infusion analgesia for pain reduction in Abdominoplasty surgery
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
160
Ketamine group to whom intravenous ketamine was administered in a loading dose of 0.15 mg/kg over 5 min, 10 minutes pre incision, followed-by an infusion at 2 micg/kg/min until the end of surgery.
a loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg over 20 min intravenously, 10 minutes pre incision, then infused with morphine an infusion rate of 5 - 40 microgram/kg/hour till the end of surgery.
Cairo University
Cairo, Giza Governorate, Egypt
dose of fentanyl
Amount of fentanyl needed intraoperative and postoperative after extubation, and every hour postoperative for four hours.
Time frame: 4 hours
pain assessment: VAS (Visual analogue scale)
Visual analogue scale for pain assessment.( VAS is a straight horizontal line of fixed length, usually 100 mm. The ends are defined as the extreme limits of the parameter to be measured (symptom,pain,health) orientated from the left (worst) to the right (best). In some studies,horizontal scales are orientated from right to left ,and many investigators use vertical VAS.The most simple VAS is a straight horizontal line of fixed length, usually 100 mm. The ends are defined as the extreme limits of the parameter to be measured (symptom,pain,health) orientated from the left (worst) to the right (best). In some studies,horizontal scales are orientated from right to left .
Time frame: 4 hours
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