The Association Between Microbiota, Endotoxaemia and the Host Obesity/ Insulin Resistance (MiPOOP Study)

Inclusion Criteria: * Provision of signed written informed consent, * Aged between 21- 75 years old, * Body Mass Index (BMI) of \> 18 kg/m2, * Ethnic group of either Chinese, Malay or Indian as evidenced by identification card, * Subject with absence of impaired glucose tolerance, * Subject is healthy with no clinically significant disease or condition as determined through their medical history, physical examination; Diabetes mellitus was defined as Type 2 DM fulfilling the WHO criteria and the care of Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, * Ability to communicate with investigator and to understand and comply with all requirements of study participation. Exclusion Criteria: * Subject who are viral Hepatitis (B or C) or HIV positive as per declaration, * Subject who had bariatric surgery including lap banding, gastric sleeve surgery, cholecystectomy, * Subject who has \> 5% weight loss in the last 3 months prior to study enrolment as per declaration, * Subject who are on 'stable' insulin sensitizers such as such as rosiglitazone, metformin for the last 3 months prior to enrolment, * Pregnant women, * Subject who has been treated with antibiotics within 6 weeks of enrolment, * Subject who has usage of lactulose, dietary fibres for purpose of constipation, * Subject with immune-compromised status; undergoing chemotherapy, on steroid, * Subject with FMHx or PMHx of autoimmune disease, GI cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, Irritable bowel syndrome and anxiety or depression as per declaration.