This study will compare the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education and neck/shoulder traditional exercises versus pain neuroscience education and neck/shoulder suspension training exercises for patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP).
The investigators anticipate that 66 patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain will be randomized to receive pain neuroscience education and shoulder/neck traditional exercises (n=33) or pain neuroscience education and shoulder/neck suspension exercises (n=33). Data on pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), pain disability, neck flexor and extensor muscles endurance, scapulae stabilizers endurance, pain catastrophizing (Pain catastrophizing Scale), trait and state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and knowledge of pain neurophysiology (Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire) will be collected. Measurements will be taken before, after the intervention and at 3 months follow up. Statistical analysis will be performed using a mixed-methods ANOVA.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
66
PNE will cover the neurophysiology of pain, transition from acute to chronic pain and the nervous system ability to modulate the pain experience. Exercise of the neck and scapular regions, including strength, motor control and stretching exercises. Initially (first 3 sessions) will be delivered individually and then (last 3 sessions)in small groups (4 participants). A total of 6 sessions will be delivered during 6 weeks. Each session will take around 1 hour.
PNE will cover the neurophysiology of pain, transition from acute to chronic pain and the nervous system ability to modulate the pain experience. Exercise of the neck and scapular regions, including strength, motor control and stretching exercises. delivered in suspension. Initially (first 3 sessions) will be delivered individually and then (last 3 sessions)in small groups (4 participants). A total of 6 sessions will be delivered during 6 weeks. Each session will take around 1 hour.
Escola Superior de Saúde
Aveiro, Portugal
RECRUITINGPain intensity: VAS
Method of assessment - Visual analogue scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10 (maximum pain intensity).
Time frame: Baseline
Pain intensity: VAS
Method of assessment - Visual analogue scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10 (maximum pain intensity).
Time frame: 7 weeks
Pain intensity: VAS
Method of assessment - Visual analogue scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10 (maximum pain intensity).
Time frame: 6 months
Neck pain associated disability
Method of assessment - the Neck Disability Index, which is a disability index with 5 questions on neck pain associated disability that ranges from 0 (no disability) to 50 (complete disability).
Time frame: Baseline
Neck pain associated disability
Method of assessment - the Neck Disability Index, which is a disability index with 5 questions on neck pain associated disability that ranges from 0 (no disability) to 50 (complete disability).
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neck pain associated disability
Method of assessment - the Neck Disability Index, which is a disability index with 5 questions on neck pain associated disability that ranges from 0 (no disability) to 50 (complete disability).
Time frame: 6 months
Neck pain frequency
Method of assessment - a question on neck pain frequency in the previous week (never, seldom, occasionally, often, always)
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Time frame: Baseline
Neck pain frequency
Method of assessment - a question on neck pain frequency in the previous week (never, seldom, occasionally, often, always)
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neck pain frequency
Method of assessment - a question on neck pain frequency in the previous week (never, seldom, occasionally, often, always)
Time frame: 6 months
Neck pain location
Method of assessment - a body chart where the patients will draw where he/she feels pain
Time frame: Baseline
Neck pain location
Method of assessment - a body chart where the patients will draw where he/she feels pain
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neck pain location
Method of assessment - a body chart where the patients will draw where he/she feels pain
Time frame: 6 months
Neck flexor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in supine and he/she is asked to flex the upper cervical spine, move their head away from the couch approximately 2.5 cm and then maintain this position for as long as possible. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: Baseline
Neck flexor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in supine and he/she is asked to flex the upper cervical spine, move their head away from the couch approximately 2.5 cm and then maintain this position for as long as possible. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neck flexor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in supine and he/she is asked to flex the upper cervical spine, move their head away from the couch approximately 2.5 cm and then maintain this position for as long as possible. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: 6 months
Neck extensor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in prone and position, head neutral, and supporting 2 Kg weight hanging from it. Participants were asked to support this weight for as long as possible while maintaining the neutral head positioning. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: Baseline
Neck extensor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in prone and position, head neutral, and supporting 2 Kg weight hanging from it. Participants were asked to support this weight for as long as possible while maintaining the neutral head positioning. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neck extensor muscles endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; the participant is in prone and position, head neutral, and supporting 2 Kg weight hanging from it. Participants were asked to support this weight for as long as possible while maintaining the neutral head positioning. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participant holds the position.
Time frame: 6 months
Scapular stabilizers' endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; Participants were standing with the shoulders and elbows flexed at 90º, while pulling both extremities of a dynamometer to reach 1 Kg of force. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participants was able to hold this position.
Time frame: Baseline
Scapular stabilizers' endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; Participants were standing with the shoulders and elbows flexed at 90º, while pulling both extremities of a dynamometer to reach 1 Kg of force. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participants was able to hold this position.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Scapular stabilizers' endurance test
Method of assessment - physical test; Participants were standing with the shoulders and elbows flexed at 90º, while pulling both extremities of a dynamometer to reach 1 Kg of force. The test result is the time (in seconds) that each participants was able to hold this position.
Time frame: 6 months
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Method of assessment - the Pain Catastrophizing Scale; score ranges from 0 (no catastrophizing) to 52 (maximum catastrophizing).
Time frame: Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Method of assessment - the Pain Catastrophizing Scale; score ranges from 0 (no catastrophizing) to 52 (maximum catastrophizing).
Time frame: 7 weeks
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Method of assessment - the Pain Catastrophizing Scale; score ranges from 0 (no catastrophizing) to 52 (maximum catastrophizing).
Time frame: 6 months
Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire
Method of assessment - the Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire which measures the patients' knowledge on pain neurophysiology; score ranges from 0 to 19 and the higher the score the more patients know on pain neurophysiology.
Time frame: Baseline
Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire
Method of assessment - the Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire which measures the patients' knowledge on pain neurophysiology; score ranges from 0 to 19 and the higher the score the more patients know on pain neurophysiology.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire
Method of assessment - the Neurophysiology of pain questionnaire which measures the patients' knowledge on pain neurophysiology; score ranges from 0 to 19 and the higher the score the more patients know on pain neurophysiology.
Time frame: 6 months
Patients' Global Impression of Change
Method of assessment - the Patients' Global Impression of Change is a 7 point numeric rating scale; a score of 5 or more in the PGIC is associated with a clinically significant improvement in the patients' condition.
Time frame: Baseline
Patients' Global Impression of Change
Method of assessment - the Patients' Global Impression of Change is a 7 point numeric rating scale; a score of 5 or more in the PGIC is associated with a clinically significant improvement in the patients' condition.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Patients' Global Impression of Change
Method of assessment - the Patients' Global Impression of Change is a 7 point numeric rating scale; a score of 5 or more in the PGIC is associated with a clinically significant improvement in the patients' condition.
Time frame: 6 months
TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia
Method of assessment - the TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia assesses fear of movement and its score ranges from 13 to 52; the higher the score the higher the fear of movement.
Time frame: Baseline
TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia
Method of assessment - the TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia assesses fear of movement and its score ranges from 13 to 52; the higher the score the higher the fear of movement.
Time frame: 7 weeks
TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia
Method of assessment - the TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia assesses fear of movement and its score ranges from 13 to 52; the higher the score the higher the fear of movement.
Time frame: 6 months
Chronic Pain Coping Inventory
Method of assessment - Chronic Pain Coping Inventory is a scale that assesses patient coping strategies; Patients are asked to rate the number of days (0-7 days) over the past week when they used each of 65 strategies at least once.
Time frame: Baseline
Chronic Pain Coping Inventory
Method of assessment - Chronic Pain Coping Inventory is a scale that assesses patient coping strategies; Patients are asked to rate the number of days (0-7 days) over the past week when they used each of 65 strategies at least once.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Chronic Pain Coping Inventory
Method of assessment - Chronic Pain Coping Inventory is a scale that assesses patient coping strategies; Patients are asked to rate the number of days (0-7 days) over the past week when they used each of 65 strategies at least once.
Time frame: 6 months