Apneic Oxygenation With a Nasal Cannula in the Obese and Morbidly Obese Surgical Patient

Inclusion Criteria: * 18-80 years old * Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ≤ 40 kg/m2) * Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) * Scheduled for a non-emergent operation that requires general endotracheal anesthesia * Willing and able to consent in English or Spanish * No current history of advanced pulmonary or cardiovascular disease Exclusion Criteria: * Age less than 18 or older than 70 * BMI \< 30 kg/m2 * Patient does not speak English or Spanish * Family or personal history of malignant hyperthermia * Patient refusal * Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) or regional anesthesia planned * Pregnant or nursing women * "Stat" (emergent) cases * Moderate to severe pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension) * Respiratory infection within the past 14 days (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis) * SpO2 \< 97% on room air * Moderate to severe cardiac disease (e.g., CHF, CAD, aortic stenosis) * Severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) * Nasal obstruction (e.g., tumor) * Elevated intracranial pressure (e.g., brain tumor) * History of difficult airway