Collect breast milk samples in various administrative regions of China to measure the nutrients in breast milk; analyze the composition of nutrients; and establish the database of breast milk in China.
The study cities are Guangzhou, Weihai, Chengdu, Beijing, Harbin, Wuhan, Jinhua, Zhengzhou and Lanzhou. Breast milk will be collected at 9:00-11:00 in the morning from 15 to180 days after giving birth. The nutrients (protein, triglyceride, phospholipid, oligosaccharides and probiotics) in the collected breast milk samples will be measured. These data will be used to establish the breast milk database in China. This databased will provide references for infant nutrient intake and for the formulation and revision of infant formula standards. It will also provide references for the development of new infant formula products in China.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
1,800
No intervention
Protein in breast milk
Protein in breast milk measured in percent (%)
Time frame: At enrollment
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure (mmolOsm/Lkg.H2O) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Fatty acids in breast milk
Fatty acids composition (mg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Amino acids
Amino acids composition (mg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides levels (mg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Probiotics
Probiotics composition (species) measured using gene sequencing in breast milk;
Time frame: At enrollment
Vitamins
Vitamins composition (μg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Minerals
Minerals composition (mg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Hormones
Hormones composition (mg/L) in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
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Dietary composition of participating mothers
Investigation on the dietary composition of participating mothers obtained using questionnaire
Time frame: At enrollment
Height of participating mothers
Height measurement (cm) of participating mothers
Time frame: At enrollment
Weight of participating mothers
Body weight measurement (kg) of participating mothers
Time frame: At enrollment
Age of participating mothers
Age (years) of participating mothers obtained using questionnaire
Time frame: At enrollment
Educational level of participating mothers
Educational level of participating mothers obtained using questionnaire
Time frame: At enrollment
Occupation of participating mothers
Occupation of participating mothers obtained using questionnaire
Time frame: At enrollment
Physical health condition of participating mothers
Physical health condition of participating mothers assessed by questionnaire
Time frame: At enrollment
Triglyceride
Triglyceride (mg/g) contents in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment
Phospholipid
Phospholipid (mg/g) contents in breast milk
Time frame: At enrollment