Secretin for Acute Pancreatitis

Overview

Acute pancreatitis is a frequently devastating pancreatic inflammatory process that results in extensive morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs. The incidence of acute pancreatitis has been increasing over the last decade with an overall mortality rate of 5%, although it may be as high as 30% in the most severe cases. It was the most common inpatient gastrointestinal diagnosis in 2009, totaling over 270,000 hospitalizations with estimated "inpatient costs" of over 2.5 billion dollars in the United States. However, despite the significant impact to both patients and the healthcare system, there is no proven pharmacologic therapy that improves important clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis. The release of bicarbonate rich fluid into the pancreatic duct from the ductal cells is an important mechanism to protect against pancreatitis by two distinct mechanisms: 1. "Flushing" activated enzymes out of the pancreas and into the duodenum thereby preventing accumulation of activated enzymes within the pancreatic acinus 2. Directly alkalinizing the acinar cells, which limits intra-acinar cell damage by improving trafficking of inappropriately activated intra-acinar enzymes along the apical membrane. In addition to standard care, patients will be divided into 4 cohorts. Cohorts 1,2 and 3 will be treated with different doses of intravenous synthetic human secretin. Cohort X will not receive human secretin, but all datapoints and specimens will be collected. The patient cohorts will be entered into the study as follows: Cohort X; Cohort 1; Cohort 2; Cohort 3. 5 patients in each cohort will be evaluated at each center (for a total of n=10 at both centers for each cohort). Dosing will start within 24 hours of hospitalization with no further synthetic human secretin administration beyond Day 3. Patients will continue to be followed for 7 days or until discharge, whichever comes first. Any data recorded to that point would be included in an intent-to-treat analysis. The primary objective is to perform a Phase II Pilot Study to explore the efficacy of intravenous synthetic human secretin as a pharmacologic adjunct to modulate the severity of human acute (non-obstructive) pancreatitis.

This is a prospective, phase II exploratory pilot study using different dose frequencies of intravenous human secretin in patients with non-obstructive, interstitial acute pancreatitis. All enrolled patients will receive standard of care therapy in regard to fluid resuscitation, pain control, CT scan or ultrasound imaging and nutritional support. In addition to standard of care, patients will be divided into 4 cohorts of 10 patients. Cohorts 1,2 and 3 will receive different doses of intravenous synthetic human secretin. Cohort X will not receive drug. Dosing will start within 24 hours of hospitalization with no further secretin administration beyond Day 3. Patients will continue to be followed until discharge. The primary study endpoint will be the decrease in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level by 50% within 96 hours and/or at discharge compared with CRP level at admission to determine optimal frequency of dosing. Secondary study endpoints will include: 1) Serum measurements of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines including sCD40L, EGF, Eotaxin/CCL11, FGF-2, Flt-3 ligand, Fractalkine, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GRO, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MDC (CCL22), MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, RANTES, TGF-α, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, HSP 27, HSP 60, HSP 70, HSP 90 at time of study enrollment, days of secretin administration, 96 hours and at discharge 2) Clinically relevant outcome measures including hemoconcentration (fall in blood urea nitrogen and hematocrit from admission), decrease in patient admission pain scores (visual analogue scale), decrease in systemic inflammatory response, and tolerance of oral nutrition 3) Calculation of the Dynamic Acute Pancreatitis Score - organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, abdominal pain, requirement for opiates and ability to tolerate oral intake 4) Length of hospitalization, need for intensive care unit transfer, mortality, need for surgical, endoscopic or percutaneous intervention 5) Development of pancreatic necrosis and/or persistent organ failure and 6) Adverse events and 30 day readmission rate.