This study will evaluate how Quadriceps Femoris muscle fatigue protocol affect the spatio-temporal gait parameters, gait symmetry and balance in individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. Study group will consist of 20 subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and control group will consist of 20 healthy subjects.
Parathyroid hormone, released from the parathyroid gland, plays an important role in keeping the ionized calcium in between the reference values in body. Precise control of ionized calcium is particularly necessary to ensure the optimal function of physiological processes such as providing intracellular signaling, performing neuromuscular functions and bone metabolism. When there is a decrease in the level of ionized calcium in the systemic circulation due to any reason, increased calcium concentration is maintained as a result of the increased absorption of calcium from the kidneys, bones and intestines into the blood via increased parathyroid hormone. An error caused by any of the components in this regulatory system may cause excessive parathyroid hormone release, causing primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinological disorder, which is characterized by excessive release of parathyroid hormone, resulting in a defect in the regulation of calcium metabolism. PHPT, is the third most common endocrine disease and is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. Today, PHPT is approximately 0.25-0.66% of the population and it is seen as 3: 1 times more common in women than men. While the incidence of the disease increases with age, it increases dramatically after 50 years of age. The clinical presentation of PHPT ranges from asymptomatic disease to the classical symptomatic disease of renal and / or musculoskeletal complications. Low plasma 25 Hydroxyvitamin D level; bone mineral density, muscle strength, preservation of postural stability and functional performance of the musculoskeletal functions such as disruption caused by the person's walking and balance activities are adversely affected.In addition, fatigue, pain, and body mass index, as a result of the increase in the functional capacity of the person is seriously reduced quality of life and psychosocial status is adversely affected. Although there are studies related to bone mineral density, muscle strength and function, instability, fatigue, etc., which are secondary to PHPT and cause a significant decrease in functional capacity, there is no study to investigate the effect of M. quadriceps Femoris ,which has a key role in the evaluation of functional capacity, muscle fatigue on the gait and balance parameters in the pre and post-treatment period in the literature. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate the effect of Quadriceps Femoris muscle fatigue protocol on gait, gait symmetry and balance parameters before and after parathyroidectomy in patients PHPT and to compare that parameters of these individuals with healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics that included in the control group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SCREENING
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
Computerized gait analysis system will use to evaluate spatio-temporal gait parameters
Ankara Education and Research Hospital
Ankara, Cankaya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Step Length
It is measured along the length of the walkway, from the heel center of the current footprint to the heel center of the previous footprint on the opposite foot.The unit of measure is centimeters.
Time frame: 1 week
Stride Length
It is measured on the line of progression between the heel points of two consecutive footprints of the same foot (left to left, right to right). The unit of measure is centimeters.
Time frame: 1 week
Static Balance Assessment
The Romberg test will use to assessment for diagnose sensory ataxia, a gait disturbance caused by abnormal proprioception involving information about the location of the joints. The Static Balance Assessment of the individuals in the PHPT group were assessed before and 3 months after Parathyroidectomy.
Time frame: 1 week
Dynamic Balance Assessment
To determine fall risk and measure the progress of balance, sit to stand, and walking Timed Up and Go Test will use. The Dynamic Balance Assessment of the individuals in the PHPT group were assessed before and 3 months after Parathyroidectomy.
Time frame: 1 week
Fatigue Severity
The fatigue level that individuals perceived during the performance was recorded using the Fatigue Severity Scale. This is a nine-items questionnaire that assesses the effect of fatigue on daily living. Each item is a statement on fatigue that the subject rates from 1, ' strongly disagree ' to 7, ' strongly agree '.
Time frame: 1 week
Functional Capacity
6 Minute Walk test was used to evaluate the functional capacity. The test was performed in a corridor on a flat hard surface of 30 m in length in a straight line. Before the examination, the patient rested for 10 min in a sitting position. It is calculated by measuring the distance that the person walks at the end of this period by asking the person to walk for 6 minutes along a 30 m corridor. In cases of chest pain, dyspnea, leg cramps, excessive fatigue, sweating and wilting, the test should be terminated immediately. The clinician supervising the test instructed the subject on the walking technique and the possibility of taking a rest. At one-minute intervals during the test, the participant received information about the time remaining until the end of the test.
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Time frame: 1 week
Step Width
It is measured from the midline midpoint of the current footprint to the midline midpoint of the previous footprint on the opposite foot.The unit of measure is centimeters.
Time frame: 1 week
Foot Progression Angle
It is the angle between the line of progression and the midline of the footprint. This angle is zero if the geometric mid- line of the footprint is parallel to the line of progression; positive, toe-out, when the mid-line of the footprint is outside the line of progression and negative, toe-in, when inside the line of progression. The unit of measure is degrees.
Time frame: 1 week
Speed
It is obtained after dividing the distance traveled by the ambulation time. It is expressed in centimeters per second (cm/sec)
Time frame: 1 week
Cadence
The rate at which a person walk, expressed in steps per minute (step/min). The average cadence is 100 - 115 steps/min.
Time frame: 1 week
Percentage of Double Support
It is the amount of time that a person spends with both feet on the ground during one gait cycle. It is presented as a percentage of the gait cycle time (% gait cycle). The percentage of time spent in double support decreases as the speed of walking increases.
Time frame: 1 week
Percentage of Stance
The stance phase is the weight bearing portion of each gait cycle. It is initiated by heel contact and ends with toe off of the same foot. It is the time elapsed between the first contact and the last contact of two consecutive footfalls on the same foot. It is also presented as a percentage of the gait cycle time (% gait cycle)
Time frame: 1 week
Percentage of Swing
It is initiated with toe off and ends with heel strike. It is the time elapsed between the last contact of the current footfall to the first contact of the next footfall on the same foot. It is expressed in seconds (sec) and it is also presented as a percent of the gait cycle (% gait cycle) of the same foot. The Swing Time is equal to the Single Support time of the opposite foot.
Time frame: 1 week
Gait Symmetry
It's calculated in order to evaluate symmetry and bilateral coordination of gait. The Symmetry Index and Symmetry Angle are interpreted as a complete symmetry if the result is 0. Evaluation of asymmetries observed in the spatio-temporal characteristics, a deviation of at least 10% from the 0 value for exact symmetry.
Time frame: 1 week