The Effect of a Perinatal Health Promotion Program on the Different Levels of Gestational Hyperglycemic Women

Changes of maternal body weight

Maternal body weight(weight in kilograms)

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of maternal height

Maternal height(height in meters)

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of newborn body weight

Newborn body weight (weight in grams)

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of newborn body length

Newborn body length (length in centimeter)

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of newborn head circumference

Newborn head circumference (length in centimeter)

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of newborn Apgar score

The newborn Apgar score in 1 and 5 minutes.The test is generally done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and may be repeated later if the score is and remains low. Scores 7 and above are generally normal; 4 to 6, fairly low; and 3 and below are generally regarded as critically low and cause for immediate resuscitative efforts.

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Health information of newborn

The newborn's health status and complications.

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of diabetes management self-efficacy Scale

The Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale(DMSES) measures the individual's efficacy expectations for engaging in 20 type 2 diabetes self-management activities (Bijl et al., 1999). The scale is scored according to a 1-5 point numerical scale indicating the level of efficacy expectation the respondent has for each item with higher scores indicating greater levels of self-efficacy.

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of postpartum stress

The 62-item Hung Postpartum Stress Scale (Hung PSS) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing women's postpartum stress during the 42-day postpartum period. Exploratory factor analysis indicated three components of postpartum stress: concerns about maternal role attainment, body changes and lack of social support (Hung, 2007) The Cronbach's alpha of the Hung PSS was 0.95. On a five-point Likert scale rating from 1 (not at all) - 5 (always), women rated each item on how often stress was perceived during the postpartum period. The score for postpartum stress was derived by summing all ratings, resulting in potential scores between 62-310. Higher values indicated a higher level of stress.

Time frame: about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of depression

The 18-item Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire(TDQ) is widely used to screen for depression in Taiwan. The TDQ is a culture-specific, self-administered questionnaire; its sensitivity and specificity have been measured as 0.89 and 0.92, respectively (Lee, Yang, Lai, Chiu, \& Chau, 2000). Using a 4-point Likert scale (i.e., 0-3), participants indicated whether and how often they experienced each item. Total scores ranged from 0 to 54; higher scores indicated more severe depression symptoms. The values of Cronbach's α at the five time points were .82 to .90.

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of health status

We used the 12 items Chinese Health Questionnaire(CHQ) to measure perinatal women's health status (developed by Cheng (1985) and verified by Chong and Wilkinson (1989). Responses used a 4-point Likert scale (1 = not at all; 4 = most of the time). Responses of 1 or 2 were recoded as "0," responses of 3 or 4 were recoded as "1," and a total score ranging from 0 to 12 was calculated by summing the ratings (Chong \& Wilkinson, 1989). The CHQ's sensitivity and specificity have been measured as 91.9% and 66.7%, respectively (Chong \& Wilkinson, 1989); in this study, values of Cronbach's α ranged from .64 to .75 at the five time points.

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of blood pressure

Blood pressure(with systolic, and diastolic)

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Changes of body mass index

Body mass index (kg/m\^2)

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age, about 2 days after hospitalization for childbirth, and six weeks after childbirth, six months after childbirth, and one year after childbirth.

Basic information of maternal

Women's age, education, occupation, family income, marriage, pregnancy and production history

Time frame: women's six-month gestational age