Urban Transformations and Health: the Case of TransMiCable in Bogotá

N/AActive Not RecruitingNCT03741582

University of Los Andes, Columbia2,052 enrolled

Overview

Cable cars are means of transportation with urban mobility benefits for vulnerable populations living in areas with geographic barriers. Despite their popularity, there is no evidence of cable cars' potential health effects. TransMicable, located in "Ciudad Bolivar", Bogota, Colombia will open in late-2018 presenting an unprecedented opportunity to assess the health impacts and accessibility improvements. The investigators aim is to assess the effect of theTransMiCable implementation on social determinants of health (social capital, employment, crime, transport, microenvironment pollution, built environment), healthy behaviors (leisure and transport physical activity) and health outcomes (health-related quality of life, respiratory diseases and homicides). The investigators are conducting a controlled quasi-experimental pre-post study with six elements: 1) The co-construction of a conceptual framework using a causal loop diagram with stakeholders of multiple sectors. 2) A (non-intervention - intervention) quantitative study of social capital, community participation, travel time, costs, demand, modal choice, physical activity and health-related quality of life using repeated in-person questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and physical activity using accelerometers. 3) A transport trajectory study in a subsample of the population of the quantitative study using a mobile application to track journeys. 4) A subsample of environment evaluations 5) Our Voice in the Neighborhood qualitative study to address the potential change in perceptions of the neighborhood using Citizen Science "by the people" involving the community and local public and private stakeholders and 6) A Secondary-data analysis of Crime and Respiratory diseases using time trends from official surveillance systems for homicides and acute respiratory diseases. The investigators' main hypothesis are 1) There is an increase in the Social Capital and Quality of life indicators in the TransMicable target area after the implementation when compared to other neighborhoods without TransMiCable. 2) There is a significant decrease in travel time and cost for trips to downtown Bogota and an increase in the total number of trips for residents of "Ciudad Bolivar" neighborhoods with TransMiCable, after the implementation of TransMiCable when compared to other neighborhoods without TransMiCable in the locality of "San Cristobal". 3) There is a significant shift in modal choice for the resident of "Ciudad Bolivar" from informal transport service to the TransMiCable system with a positive association in terms of proximity to TransMiCable stations. 4) Most TransMiCable users are former informal bus transit and formal bus feeder users. While most users will access TransMiCable by walking, some living further from stations will take informal transport services to access to TransMiCable. 5) There is a reduction in the microenvironment pollution around the target area of TransMiCable when compared to the control area. 6) There is a change in the perception of the neighborhood for residents of the target area of TransMiCable when compared to the control area. 7) There is a significant decrease in the prevalence of homicides and acute respiratory diseases in the area of the TransMiCable implementation in comparison to the control area without TransMiCable. The results of this study will allow us to understand baseline dynamics, while, in the long-term, allowing us to assess the changes in travel and health behaviors.

Interventions

TransMiCableOTHER

TransMiCable will have one service line 3.43 km-long with four stations ("El Tunal" , "Juan Pablo II" , "Manitas" , and "Paraiso", see highlighted stops in Figure 2). "El Tunal" is the station that connects to the city's bus rapid transit system. The planned capacity of TransMiCable is 3,600 persons per hour in 163 cabins or gondolas. Each cabin fits ten passengers, with space for wheelchairs and bicycles and will be equipped with free Wi-Fi. The expected travel time reductions from each station to portal "El Tunal", through the shortest pathway, are: 26 minutes saved from "Juan Pablo II" station-from 32 to 6 minutes; 31 minutes saved from "Manitas" station-from 38 to 7 minutes and 49 minutes saved from "Paraiso" station-from 62 to 13 minutes 22. In conjunction with TransMiCable, urban projects will be implemented including the construction of parks, outdoor gyms, sport courts, community centers for children and older adults, a market, an administrative, and a tourism offices.

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Basic activity monitoring

An Actigraph activity monitor is given to every participant of the study for wearing it over seven days. The reception of the monitors by the participants was prioritized in the intervention group over the control, due to the limited amount of monitors. Participants are asked to wear an ActiGraph "GT3X" or "GT3X+" accelerometer at the waist, and positioned in line with the right mid-axillary line, for at least seven consecutive days (plus an initial familiarization day and the morning of the final day) during all waking hours. Accelerometers are initialized to collect data at 60-second epochs. Participants who successfully complete the use of the monitor are included on a raffle for an special prize at the end of every measurement. In every follow-up participants will be asked to repeat the activity monitoring along with the questionnaire.