Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest - Effects on Myocardial Function and Inflammatory Response.

Overview

The on-going randomized clinical trial TTM2 (Target Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest, NCT02908308) investigates if there is a difference in mortality, neurological function or quality of life in comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest if treated (Group A) at target temperature of 33 oC or (Group B) by avoiding fever during the first 24 h. In this sub study, the effect of different target temperatures on cardiac and circulatory physiology is evaluated by echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter. Tissue damage after cardiac arrest in part is caused by an activation of different parts of the inflammatory system (reperfusion injury). This study investigates the effect of temperature management on inflammation and the link to the circulatory effects.

Hypothermia (HT) is used as an adjunctive treatment to improve outcome in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Optimal temperature is debated and in the TTM-trial (Target Temperature Management study), which randomized to management at either 33 degrees C or 36 degrees C for 24h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), no difference in mortality or neurological outcome was shown. The TTM-2-trial (Target Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest, NCT02908308) was initiated to investigate if there is a difference in mortality, neurological function or quality of life between target temperature of 33 degrees C or avoiding fever in comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and meet some of the critique that was raised against the TTM-trial regarding the speed of induction of hypothermia, that both groups were treated at different degrees of hypothermia and that both groups could have benefitted from this intervention. This study is a prospective sub-study to the TTM-2 trial investigating the cardiac and hemodynamic effects of different target temperatures using echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). Data will be harvested and echocardiographic registration will be made during the target temperature phase, upon rewarming and after 48-72 hours. There will be a follow-up echocardiographic examination at 6 months from randomization. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a key challenge in myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. In this study most patients will experience myocardial infarction affecting the heart only, while all patients will experience cardiac arrest affecting the whole body. A major determinant of long-term outcome is the degree of cell death due to stop of blood supply during ischemia and aggravation of organ damage during reperfusion caused by innate immune activation. In this study we will address the importance of the innate immune system in determining outcome and the interplay and dependency with cardiac function. Blood samples will be collected at the same time points as echocardiography registrations and collection of hemodynamic data and analyzed post study cessation.