The numeric rating scale (NRS), one of the most widely used pain scales in clinical practice, although convenient, is often subject to bias because it requires abstract thinking from both the patient and the evaluator. Compared to numbers, traumatic pain, when visualized appropriately, has potential advantage as a means to indicate and communicate the severity of pain. Given that they are standardized in terms of body parts, wound size, and bleeding volume, illustrations of traumatic pain along with external somatic stimuli that caused it can be used to serve as effective visual anchors to supplement a pain scale by giving more concrete information to the patient. The purpose of this study is to develop Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale(SNUIPS) using pictures of traumatic pain, and verify the validity and effectiveness of this scale in comparison with those of NRS.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Seoul National University Hospital
Seoul, South Korea
Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity.
Time frame: 24 hours after surgery
Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery for validation in terms of test-retest reliability of the scale. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity.
Time frame: 24.5 hours after surgery
Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery for assessment of sensitivity to change. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain).
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity.
Time frame: 24 hours after surgery
Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity.
Time frame: 24.5 hours after surgery
Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS)
Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'.
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics
Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics
Time frame: 24 hours after surgery
Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics
Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics
Time frame: 24.5 hours after surgery
Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics
Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
Understandability of Pain Scales
Survey among patients on understandability pain scales
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
Convenience of Pain Scales
Survey among patients on convenience of pain scales
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
Patient Satisfaction of Postoperative Pain Management
Survey among patients on their level of overall satisfaction on postoperative pain management
Time frame: 48 hours after surgery
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