hypothesis: the combination of LA with remifentanil and ketofol \[monitored anesthesia care (MAC)\] for ambulatory breast augmentation may result in results in better QoR on day of surgery as compared with total i.v. anesthesia (TIVA) . The purpose of this study was to compare the QoR after MAC using remifentanil and ketofol with TIVA during ambulatory breast augmentation .
Breast augmentation surgery is commonly performed on an ambulatory basis under under general anesthesia (GA) with propofol and remifentanil or local anesthesia (LA). Although surgeons perform this operation comfortably under GA, Patients have anxiety and fear of complications due to GA. In addition, they expect a good postoperative quality of recovery (QOR) including ability to resume common activities (work and daily activities) without suffering from moderate to severe pain. The LA is advantageous over GA in that airway instrumentation is not necessary, favorable recovery profile, decrease postoperative pain and vomiting, increase patient satisfaction and decrease the cost . However, patient anxiety or pain often leading to conversion of LA to GA, which suggests the concomitant use of i.v. sedatives and analgesics as a supplement to LA. The combination of remifentanil and ketofol (propofol, ketamine) for sedation during regional anesthesia and LA has been shown to be a safe, effective technique, capable of maintains adequate analgesia with conscious sedation, haemodynamic stability, and achieves lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting with shorter recovery times.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
80
Five minutes before infiltration of the local anesthestic by the surgeon, patients received an initial maintenance infusion of remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min and ketofol mixture 0.3 ml/kg (propofol 25 µg /kg/min and ketamine 10 µg/kg/min). ketofol mixture was prepared in a ratio of 1:2.5 (100 mg ketamine 2 mL (100 mg), propofol 1% 25 mL (250 mg), and glucose 5% 23 ml, total volume of 50 ml, each ml contain 2 mg ketamine + 5 mg propofol). Throughout the surgery, titration of the infusion rate of the remifentanil and ketofol were indicated by vital signs and expression of pain
general anesthetic was induced with a bolus dose of remifentanil (1 ug/kg over 30 second) and propofol (2 mg/kg) followed by insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). After the induction of anaesthesia and securing the airway, patient' lungs were ventilated with volume controlled ventilation, 50% oxygen/air mixtures in a circle system. .Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil (0.5 ug/ kg/ min) and propofol (5 mg/kg/h). Remifentanil and propofol titrated to keep heart rate and the blood pressure within 20% of the baseline values and maintain BIS between 40 and 60, respectively. Patient movements were treated with additional i.v. bolus doses of remifentanil 0.5 ug/kg
Quality of recovery
Quality of recovery-40 (QoR-40) questionnaire, which includes five general quality of life dimensions: physical independence (5 items), pain (7 items), .emotional state (9 items), psychological support (7 items), and physical independence (5 items). Each item was graded with a 5-point score: none of the time, some of the time,usually, most of the time and all of the time. The total score on the QoR- 40 questionnaire ranges from 40 to 200 representing, respectively, extremely poor to excellent
Time frame: 24 hours postoperative
Recovery room readiness times
minutes
Time frame: 24 hours postoperative
home readiness times
minutes
Time frame: 24 hours postoperative
adverse events
vomiting
Time frame: 24 hours postoperative
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