This study examine oral bisphenol A consumption on muscle insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose suppression. Half of the participants will receive a diet plus BPA and the other half will receive a diet plus no bisphenol A.
Evidence linking bisphenol A exposure with diabetes risk remains mainly associative in nature, and mechanism linking bisphenol A to type 2 diabetes remains unclear. The investigator's preliminary data suggests that in young adults, single oral BPA consumption significantly decreased glucose, insulin, and C-Peptide responses to an oral glucose tolerance test, suggesting that immediate consumption of bisphenol A has an effect on muscle insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose suppression and/or digestion and absorption to lower blood glucose, insulin, and C-Peptide concentrations. The present experimental study evaluating the effects of bisphenol A over several days on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes will directly assess each of these potential mechanisms using gold standard measures (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique and hepatic glucose suppression with glucose stable isotope infusion, and fecal microbiota).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
Vanilla wafer cookie with bisphenol A administered
Vanilla wafer cookie with no bisphenol A
California Polytechnic State University
San Luis Obispo, California, United States
Change in rate of glucose disposal
Three hour euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique with stable glucose isotope infusion to determine rate of glucose disposal
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in rate of glucose appearance
Ninety minutes stable glucose isotope infusion to determine rate of hepatic glucose appearance
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of insulin
Fasting blood sample for insulin concentration
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of glucose
Fasting blood sample for glucose concentration
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of c-peptide
Fasting blood sample for c-peptide concentration
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of proinsulin
Fasting blood sample for proinsulin
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of adiponectin
Fasting blood sample for adiponectin
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of 17-beta estradiol
Fasting blood sample for 17-beta estradiol
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
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Change in concentration of firmicutes
Fecal microbiome concentration of firmicutes
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days
Change in concentration of clostridia
Fecal microbiome concentration of clostridia
Time frame: Baseline and 4 days